Digital light processing stereolithography of hydroxyapatite scaffolds with bone‐like architecture, permeability, and mechanical properties

Baino, Francesco; Magnaterra, Giulia; Fiume, Elisa; Schiavi, Alessandro; Tofan, Luciana-Patricia; Schwentenwein, Martin; Verné, Enrica

doi:10.1111/jace.17843

Cited by 71 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…For example, grid-like HA scaffolds produced by DLP stereolithography exhibited a compressive strength comparable to that of cancellous bone (1.45-1.92 MPa), although the porosity was lower (49-52 vol.%) [70]. The same fabrication method was recently combined with micro-tomographic imaging to obtain trabecularlike HA scaffolds with compressive strength of 1.60 ± 0.79 MPa and bone-like porosity (80 vol.%) and permeability (0.75-1.74•10 −9 m 2 ) [68]. Prolonged immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) for up to 2 months lad to no significant variation in the mechanical strength of these bone-like HA scaffolds, which can be justified by the very low dissolution rate of HA.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, however, ceramic scaffolds-including the HA ones-obtained by additive manufacturing technologies typically exhibit a relatively simple porous architecture with grid-like arrangements of macro-channels (i.e., the structure of the CAD file used for printing) and, thus, do not closely replicate the trabecular architecture of cancellous bone as ceramic foams instead do. In order to overcome this limitation and further expand the potential of additive manufacturing in biomedicine, HA scaffolds were recently fabricated by DLP stereolithography using a micro-tomographic reconstruction of an open-cell polymeric foam as a CAD model [68]. As a result, truly bone-like HA scaffolds with 3D trabecular architecture, pore size, intrinsic permeability, elastic modulus and compressive strength comparable to those of human cancellous bone were obtained.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Hydroxyapatite for Biomedical Applications: A Short Overview

et al. 2021

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Calcium phosphates (CaPs) are biocompatible and biodegradable materials showing a great promise in bone regeneration as good alternative to the use of auto- and allografts to guide and support tissue regeneration in critically-sized bone defects. This can be certainly attributed to their similarity to the mineral phase of natural bone. Among CaPs, hydroxyapatite (HA) deserves a special attention as it, actually is the main inorganic component of bone tissue. This review offers a comprehensive overview of past and current trends in the use of HA as grafting material, with a focus on manufacturing strategies and their effect on the mechanical properties of the final products. Recent advances in materials processing allowed the production of HA-based grafts in different forms, thus meeting the requirements for a range of clinical applications and achieving enthusiastic results both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the growing interest in the optimization of three-dimensional (3D) porous grafts, mimicking the trabecular architecture of human bone, has opened up new challenges in the development of bone-like scaffolds showing suitable mechanical performances for potential use in load bearing anatomical sites.

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Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydroxyapatite for Biomedical Applications: A Short Overview

et al. 2021

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“…Construction and characterization of 3D BG-gel Scaffold 2.14.1. Construction of Osteogenic 3D BG/Gel Scaffold Bioglass scaffolds were fabricated by digital light processing (DLP) printing technique and sintering process [34] . Gelma/nanoclay hydrogel was fabricated as previous described [22] .…”

Section: Antagomir-23a-3p Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Extracellular Vesicles Released from Bioglass/Hydrogel Scaffold Promote Vascularized Bone Regeneration by Transferring miR-23a-3p

Zhang

et al. 2021

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Background The treatment of critical-size bone defect is a great difficulty in orthopedics. Osteogenesis and angiogenesis are critical issue during the process of bone repair and remodeling. MSCs-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) show desirable therapeutic prospects in tissue regeneration due to satisfied advantages including high stability, facilitated acquisition and abundant source. However, the effect of Human umbilical cord MSCs-derived sEVs (hUC-MSCs-sEVs) on vascularized bone regeneration and the potential mechanism remains to be investigated. Herein, we aimed to explore the therapeutic effect and the mechanism of hUC-MSCs-sEVs on critical-size bone defect. Methods To investigate the potential osteogenesis and angiogenesis effects of sEVs in vitro, we extracted sEVs from hUC-MSCs, and then sEVs were co-incubated with BMSCs and HUVECs. We next investigated the potential mechanism of sEVs on the effects of osteogenesis and angiogenesis by luciferase reporter gene assay and western blot. We fabricated 3D-printed bioglass scaffold with Gelma/nanoclay hydrogel coatings to load sEVs(BG-gel-sEVs) to ensure in vivo sustained efficacy of sEVs. Finally, the skull defect model was used to evaluate the capacity of vascularized bone regeneration of the composited scaffolds. Results hUC-MSCs-sEVs facilitated calcium deposition and the endothelial network formation, inducing osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis by delivering miR-23a-3p to activate PTEN/AKT signaling pathway. Additionally, the BG-gel-sEVs composited scaffold achieved vascularized bone regeneration in vivo. Conclusion This finds illuminated that hUC-MSCs-sEVs promoted osteogenesis and angiogenesis by delivering miR-23a-3p to activate PTEN/AKT signaling pathway, achieving vascularized bone regeneration.

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“…The porous structure with a well-defined geometry is developed by computer-aided design (CAD) and subsequently produced by AM through layer-by-layer deposition [ 6 ]. Different AM processes are used for the fabrication of scaffolds including stereolithography (SLA) [ 7 ], material jetting, binder jetting, material extrusion, powder bed fusion, sheet lamination, and directed energy deposition [ 8 ]. SLA is one of the oldest AM techniques where 3D structures with controlled architecture and resolution are fabricated by light-induced crosslinking of photocurable liquid polymer-based resins [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ceramic Stereolithography of Bioactive Glasses: Influence of Resin Composition on Curing Behavior and Green Body Properties

et al. 2022

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Herein we report on the preparation of a bioactive glass (BAG)-based photocurable resin for the additive manufacturing of BAG scaffolds with high filler loadings. The preparation of glass/ceramics resins for stereolithography with high filler loading is always a challenge, especially for fillers with a high refractive index variance. Various photocurable resin compositions with and without bioactive glass fillers have been investigated to see the influence of bioactive glass on physical properties of the resin and resulting green body. The effect of concentration of monomers, reactive diluent, light absorber (Sudan orange G dye), photoinitiator (PI), non-reactive diluent, and fillers (BAG) on rheology and photocuring behavior of the resin and tomography of the resulting 3D structures have been investigated. The BAG contents affect the rheology of resin and influence the rate of the polymerization reaction. The resin compositions with 55–60% BAG, 10% PEG-200 (diluent), 1% of PI and 0.015% of the dye were found to be suitable compositions for the stereolithographic fabrication. A higher percentage of PI caused over-curing, while a higher amount of dye decreased the cure depth of the resin. The micro-computed tomography (µ-CT) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images of the resulting green bodies display a relatively dense glass scaffold without any visible cracks and good interlayer connection and surface finishing. These properties play an important role in the mechanical behavior of 3D scaffolds. This study will be helpful to prepare high density glass/ceramic slurries and optimize their printing properties.

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Digital light processing stereolithography of hydroxyapatite scaffolds with bone‐like architecture, permeability, and mechanical properties

Cited by 71 publications

References 53 publications

Hydroxyapatite for Biomedical Applications: A Short Overview

Hydroxyapatite for Biomedical Applications: A Short Overview

Small Extracellular Vesicles Released from Bioglass/Hydrogel Scaffold Promote Vascularized Bone Regeneration by Transferring miR-23a-3p

Ceramic Stereolithography of Bioactive Glasses: Influence of Resin Composition on Curing Behavior and Green Body Properties

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