Digital Integration and Automated Assessment of Eye-Tracking and Emotional Response Data Using the BioSensory App to Maximize Packaging Label Analysis

Abstract

New and emerging non-invasive digital tools, such as eye-tracking, facial expression and physiological biometrics, have been implemented to extract more objective sensory responses by panelists from packaging and, specifically, labels. However, integrating these technologies from different company providers and software for data acquisition and analysis makes their practical application difficult for research and the industry. This study proposed a prototype integration between eye tracking and emotional biometrics using the BioSensory computer application for three sample labels: Stevia, Potato chips, and Spaghetti. Multivariate data analyses are presented, showing the integrative analysis approach of the proposed prototype system. Further studies can be conducted with this system and integrating other biometrics available, such as physiological response with heart rate, blood, pressure, and temperature changes analyzed while focusing on different label components or packaging features. By maximizing data extraction from various components of packaging and labels, smart predictive systems can also be implemented, such as machine learning to assess liking and other parameters of interest from the whole package and specific components.

Clear Aligners and Smart Eye Tracking Technology as a New Communication Strategy between Ethical and Legal Issues

“…In such instances, the only distracting element seems to be the lips. Ultimately, the difference between our study and others currently available on smart eye-tracking technology, in the dental and non-dental fields, lies in the fact that we used a smartphone and not a dedicated workstation as the other studies have [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 67 ], in which gaze was tracked, recorded and then analyzed by devices that support this technology in a non-integrated way, but rather through special glasses, webcams and specifically developed external sensors. The real invisibility of the technology that we used for this study, as well as its usability and ease of use, give rise to ethical and legal implications.…”

“…Such an evaluation is not merely based on collecting answers to a set of questions, but rather relies on neuroscience. Smart eye-tracking technology makes it possible to objectify and quantify the attention of a subject’s gaze upon receiving certain visual stimuli [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. While its use in the medical and dental fields is not new, the way in which such techniques were utilized in this study is new to date.…”

“…Studies centered around this type of gaze assessment place the subjects involved in front of a PC with a webcam or special glasses capable of recording the movement of their gaze [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. There are discussions in the literature on the possible weaknesses of the results thus obtained, due to the fact that stress, discomfort, and awareness of being in a controlled environment can alter the quality of visual attention [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. Smartphones, on the other hand, act as catalysts for visual attention, making the subjects feel at ease, as if external interference were not perceivable, but rather as if an immediate and engrossing relationship between subject and device were more obvious [ 59 , 60 , 61 ].…”

“…The other 50 patients (25 males and 25 females) made up group B, which included patients already in orthodontic therapy, former orthodontic patients and patients who had requested an orthodontic evaluation. The sample size of 100 subjects was deemed appropriate and representative, since such an amount is larger than that used in many other eye-tracking research samples [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. We established the “problem discoverability” ( p ) at 0.05 and the “problem discovery goal” ( P ( x ≥ 1)) at 0.95, and applied the formula: P ( x ≥ 1) = 1 − (1 − p ) n where n is the sample size, and its value equals 59.…”

“…Thus, neuroscience-based approaches have shifted the assessment of the perception of occlusion and orthodontic therapies to a different level from that of subjective common questionnaires and onto the visual characteristics of various orthodontic devices [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Smart eye-tracking or gaze-tracking technology relies on digital oculometric measurements to assess visual attention through fixation time [ 32 , 33 , 34 ]. From the outset, gaze-tracking methods have been widely used for commercial purposes to study the best marketing strategies and profile consumer preferences, as well as in the field of home automation.…”