Digital imaging: an accurate and easy method of measuring foot ulcers

Rajbhandari, Satyan; Harris, Nigel; Sutton, Monica; Lockett, C.; Eaton, Simon; Gadour, Moeh; Tesfaye, Solomon; Ward, J. D.

doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.1999.00053.x

Cited by 52 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…7 Digital imaging is a noncontact method using photography and computed area, which has been shown to be both accurate and have low interobserver variation. 8 Three-dimensional wound measurement devices include stereophotogammetry, 9 digital videometry, 10 ultrasound measurement, and laser scanning. 11 The ideal wound measurement device would be able to record irregular surfaces in a three-dimensional nontouch technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Planimetry Results in More Accurate Wound Measurements: A Comparison to Standard Ruler Measurements

Rogers

Bevilacqua

Armstrong

et al. 2010

J Diabetes Sci Technol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Planimetry Results in More Accurate Wound Measurements: A Comparison to Standard Ruler Measurements

Rogers

Bevilacqua

Armstrong

et al. 2010

J Diabetes Sci Technol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Exclusion criteria were 1) ulcer present for Ͼ1 year, 2) poor fluency in English, 3) independent comorbid medical conditions associated with lower-extremity ulcers such as rheumatoid arthritis, and 4) severe mental illness such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorders, as they have mental health needs usually requiring specialist services. Severity of the ulcer was classified as superficial (grade 1) versus deep (grade 2 or 3) based on the University of Texas classification (28), and the surface area in centimeters squared (cm 2 ) was measured using digital photography (29).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cohort Study of People With Diabetes and Their First Foot Ulcer

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVE -The aim was to evaluate over 18 months whether depression was associated with mortality in people with their first foot ulcer. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -A prospective cohort design was used.Adults with their first diabetic foot ulcer were recruited from foot clinics in southeast London, U.K. At baseline, the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry 2.1 was used to define those who met DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)-IV criteria for minor and major depressive disorders. Potential covariates were age, sex, marital status, socioeconomic status, smoking, antidepressant use, A1C, macro-and microvascular complications, and University of Texas classification-based severity and size of ulcer. The main outcome was mortality 18 months later, and A1C was the secondary outcome. The proportion who had an amputation, had recurrence, and whose ulcer had healed was recorded.RESULTS -A total of 253 people with their first diabetic foot ulcer were recruited. The prevalence of minor and major depressive disorder was 8.1% (n ϭ 21) and 24.1% (n ϭ 61), respectively. There were 40 (15.8%) deaths, 36 (15.5%) amputations, and 99 (43.2%) recurrences. In the adjusted Cox regression analysis, minor and major depressive disorders were associated with an approximately threefold hazard risk for mortality compared with no depression (3.23 [95% CI 1.39 -7.51] and 2.73 [1.38 -5.40], respectively). There was no association between minor and major depression compared with no depression and A1C (P ϭ 0.86 and P ϭ 0.43, respectively).CONCLUSIONS -One-third of people with their first diabetic foot ulcer suffer from clinical depression, and this is associated with increased mortality. Diabetes Care 30:1473-1479, 2007D iabetic foot ulcers are one of the most common, disabling, and costly complications of diabetes (1-3). The incidence and prevalence for foot ulcers is estimated at 2% and 5-7% per year, respectively (3,4). Duration of diabetes, persistent hyperglycemia, and peripheral neuropathy (associated with reduced pain sensation) are considered to be well-known biological risk factors for the onset and recurrence of foot ulcers (5-7). Primary and secondary prevention of diabetic foot ulcers can be achieved by daily foot examinations for painless ulcers or injuries, regular podiatrist visits, use of appropriate foot wear, and maintenance of optimal diabetes self-care (8). Despite this, adverse outcomes following the onset of foot ulcers are poor, and they are the most common reason for amputation (9).The rate of recurrence of foot ulcers is estimated at 34, 61, and 70% in 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively (1). Around 15% develop osteomyelitis, and there is a twofold increase in mortality compared with people with diabetes without a foot ulcer (3, 10,11). Could psychological factors such as depressive disorders help to explain the high rates of mortality and morbidity?The pooled prevalence of depressive disorders in people with diabetes when diagnostic criteria are used is estimated at 11%, which is ...

show abstract

“…Some studies have evaluated the computerized planimetry for surface area measurement, and have also reported excellent ICC values ( > 0.90). 24,26,27,[33][34][35] In the literature, wound debridement was studied using objective digital image processing. Oduncu et al 36 quantified the amount of slough in a wound bed using a software package (Hue Saturation Intensity color representation model) compared with a grading system based on visual inspection by an experienced clinician.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wound debridement: Comparative reliability of three methods for measuring fibrin percentage in chronic wounds

Laplaud¹,

Blaizot

Gaillard

et al. 2010

Wound Repair and Regeneration

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of this study was to examine the intra-and interrater reliability of three methods to measure the percentage of fibrin within a wound, hence reflecting wound debridement. The three methods include visual assessment, a portable wound measurement system (PWMS) Visitrak s , and a computerized planimetry software Canvas s . The main objective was to compare the computerized planimetry with visual analysis. For each wound, a series of two repeated recordings of fibrin percentage based on the same Day 1 photograph at Day 8 and Day 15, respectively, was assessed by four evaluators using the two methods. Additional objectives consisted in the assessment of the inter-rater reliability of computerized planimetry and PWMS to assess fibrin percentage and total surface area. Twenty-four patients were included for a total of 31 wounds. Intraclass correlation coefficient revealed improved reproducibility and repeatability of computerized planimetry. The reproducibility of computerized planimetry was better than PWMS when measuring the percentage of fibrin and total wound area. Because average visual estimations were very close to the computerized planimetry, bedside evaluation of fibrin percentage and wound debridement was considered as reliable, and consequently a valid technique for daily practice. PWMS proved to be less convenient, owing to difficulties in identifying fibrin margins. The higher intra and interrater reliability of computerized planimetry probably reflected the fact that subjective clinical assessment and objective calculation of percentages were mandatory for correct wound evaluation. Therefore, digital image analysis was considered as an accurate method for double-blind and multicentric trials.Chronic wounds are a major problem in developed countries resulting in substantial morbidity and cost to healthcare systems.

show abstract

Digital imaging: an accurate and easy method of measuring foot ulcers

Abstract: The digital imaging method was faster and easier to use and the patients preferred it, as it was a noncontact method. In addition it also provides a photographic record for comparison.

Cited by 52 publications

References 12 publications

Digital Planimetry Results in More Accurate Wound Measurements: A Comparison to Standard Ruler Measurements

Digital Planimetry Results in More Accurate Wound Measurements: A Comparison to Standard Ruler Measurements

A Cohort Study of People With Diabetes and Their First Foot Ulcer

Wound debridement: Comparative reliability of three methods for measuring fibrin percentage in chronic wounds

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About