Digital image watermarking using discrete cosine transformation based linear modulation

Abstract

The proportion of multimedia traffic in data networks has grown substantially as a result of advancements in IT. As a result, it's become necessary to address the following challenges in protecting multimedia data: prevention of unauthorized disclosure of sensitive data, in addition to tracking down the leak's origin, making sure no alterations may be made without permission, and safeguarding intellectual property for digital assets. watermarking is a technique developed to combat this issue, which transfer secure data over the network. The main goal of invisible watermarking is a hidden exchange of data and a message from being discovered by a third party. The objective of this work is to develop a digital image watermarking using discrete cosine transformation based linear modulation. This paper proposed an invisible watermarking method for embedding information into the transformation domain for the grey scale images. This method used the embedding of a stego-text into the least significant bit (LSB) of the Discrete Cosine Transformation (DCT) coefficient by using a linear modulation algorithm. Also, a stego-text is embedded with different sizes ten times within images after embedding the stego-image immune to different kinds of attack, such as salt and pepper, rotation, cropping, and JPEG compression with different criteria. The proposed method is tested using four benchmark images. Also, to evaluate the embedding effect, PSNR, NC and BER are calculated. The outcomes show that the proposed approach is practical and robust, where the obtained results are promising and do not raise any suspicion. In addition, it has a large capacity, and its results are imperceptible, especially when 1bit/block is embedded.

In-depth exploration of digital image watermarking with discrete cosine transform and discrete wavelet transform

“…In spatial domain watermarking, the process involves directly manipulating the pixel values of the host media, such as images or videos. Techniques within this domain focus on modifying the pixel values within the spatial domain of the media itself [8]. Various methods can be used, including altering the least significant bits (LSB) of pixel values, adjusting pixel intensities, or utilizing visual masking techniques to conceal the watermark within the image [9].…”

Using Special Letters and Diacritics in Steganography in Holy Quran

“…Information that is securely and silently included into the host data as a digital watermark cannot be deleted. A watermark often includes information about the source, condition, or destination of the host data in the formation [3], [4]. Steganography and watermarking vary in that the former is a technique for covert communication while the latter is a way to include watermark data.…”

Enhancing quality measurement for visible and invisible watermarking based on M-SVD and DCT

“…In an era of advancing technology, the threat to image integrity has escalated due to the ease of manipulating images using sophisticated editing tools. Moreover, as images are increasingly susceptible to unauthorized alterations, ensuring their integrity, and authenticity becomes paramount [5]- [7]. Digital watermarking allows for the insertion of imperceptible watermarks into images as unique identifiers or authentication proofs, safeguarding images against unauthorized modifications, and ensuring their authenticity [8].…”