Digital Image Steganography Using Eight-Directional PVD against RS Analysis and PDH Analysis

Swain, Gandharba

doi:10.1155/2018/4847098

Cited by 33 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The proposed technique has been compared with the techniques in [16,24,25] as shown in Table 7. The technique in [16] is an adaptive PVD technique with two variants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All the four variants of this technique possess lesser hiding capacity as compared to the proposed technique. In [25] the two variants of eight directional PVD technique have been discussed. The PSNR and hiding capacity of the proposed technique (type 1) are as good as those of the technique in [25] (type 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [25] the two variants of eight directional PVD technique have been discussed. The PSNR and hiding capacity of the proposed technique (type 1) are as good as those of the technique in [25] (type 1). Similarly, the PSNR and hiding capacity of the proposed technique (type 2) are as good as those of the technique in [25] (type 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Capacity Image Steganography Using Modified LSB Substitution and PVD against Pixel Difference Histogram Analysis

Swain

2018

Security and Communication Networks

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The combination of pixel value differencing (PVD) and least significant bit (LSB) substitution gives higher capacity and lesser distortion. However, there are three issues to be taken into account: (i) fall off boundary problem (FOBP), (ii) pixel difference histogram (PDH) analysis, and (iii) RS analysis. This paper proposes a steganography technique in two variants using combination of modified LSB substitution and PVD by taking care of these three issues. The first variant operates on 2 × 3 pixel blocks and the second technique operates on 3 × 3 pixel blocks. In one of the pixels of a block, embedding is performed using modified LSB substitution. Based on the new value of this pixel, difference values with other neighboring pixels are calculated. Using these differences, PVD approach is applied. The edges in multiple directions are exploited, so PDH analysis cannot detect this steganography. The LSB substitution is performed in only one pixel of the block, so RS analysis also cannot detect this steganography. To address the FOBP, suitable equations are used during embedding procedure. The experimental results such as bit rate and distortion measure are satisfactory.

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“…The proposed technique has been compared with the techniques in [16,24,25] as shown in Table 7. The technique in [16] is an adaptive PVD technique with two variants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Capacity Image Steganography Using Modified LSB Substitution and PVD against Pixel Difference Histogram Analysis

Swain

2018

Security and Communication Networks

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“…Suppose such a block is G whose pixels are X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , ..., X n . Then use the function f= ∑ n-1 i=1 |X i+1 -X i | to measure the smoothness of G. Then apply F 1 to all the blocks of M and define the two parameters R m and S m as in Equations (23) and (24) respectively. Similarly, apply F -1 to all the blocks of M and define the two parameters R -m and S -m as in Equations (25) and 26…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Darabkh et al [6] proposed an improved LSB substitution technique based on geometric equations to achieve higher security. LSB substitution has been combined with PVD in [23] to improve upon the security and hiding capacity. Furthermore, LSB substitution, PVD, and EMD have been combined together in the embedding procedure to optimize the performance [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A data hiding technique by mixing MFPVD and LSB substitution in a pixel

Swain

2018

ITC

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Pixel difference range mismatch at sender and receiver is a major problem with pixel value differencing (PVD) steganography techniques. This paper proposes a new steganography technique combining modulus function PVD (MFPVD) and least significant bit (LSB) substitution to address the range mismatch problem. It uses 2×3 size pixel blocks to utilize the edges in five directions. The two LSBs of all the pixels of the block form the lower bit plane block. It is also known as remainder block. Similarly, the six most significant bits (MSBs) of all the pixels of the block form the higher bit plane block. It is also known as quotient block. The quotient block is formed by applying quotient division on all the pixels of the pixel block. Similarly, the remainder block is formed by applying remainder division on all the pixels of the pixel block. MFPVD is applied on the quotient block. The central quotient in the quotient block is considered as reference value and five difference values with five neighboring quotients are calculated. Based on the average of these five difference values, the hiding capacity in all the five directions is decided. The central remainder value in the remainder block acts as an indicator to represent the number of bits hidden in each of these five quotients, so that data extraction can be done successfully. In remaining five remainders LSB substitution is applied. The experimental results prove that there are no step effects in pixel difference histograms of stego-images. It means that the pixel difference histogram (PDH) analysis cannot detect this proposed technique. Further, it is also justified that the proposed technique achieves higher hiding capacity as compared to the existing techniques without compromising the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR).

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Image Encryption for Secure Internet Transfer

Chaitanya

Koshy

Kumar

et al. 2021

Smart Technologies in Data Science and Communication

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been an important aspect of consideration in daily life communication and with the advent of including sensitive data like corporate files, personal data etc., increasingly moving online, it has become more important than ever to provide secure communication methods. One such method is using encryption and steganography. Encryption is the process of converting ordinary plaintext data into an alternative form that is unreadable by perpetrators without authorization. Furthermore, steganography is the practice of hiding a file, message, video, or image within another such file. In this paper, we introduce a web-application that will enable the user to encrypt the data in a file of his choice and then hide it within a picture or GIF. This will provide the layman an application that is easy to use to communicate securely, even without extensive technical knowledge. The encryption algorithm used will be the AES-256 algorithm and the steganographic algorithm will be Syndrome-Trellis Codes (STCs) for their high embedding efficiency. The results display that the system designed offers a significant security level.

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Digital Image Steganography Using Eight-Directional PVD against RS Analysis and PDH Analysis

Cited by 33 publications

References 28 publications

High Capacity Image Steganography Using Modified LSB Substitution and PVD against Pixel Difference Histogram Analysis

High Capacity Image Steganography Using Modified LSB Substitution and PVD against Pixel Difference Histogram Analysis

A data hiding technique by mixing MFPVD and LSB substitution in a pixel

Image Encryption for Secure Internet Transfer

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