Digital Image Correlation Strain Analysis for the Study of Wrinkle Formation on Facial Skin

Abstract

Strain measurements around the eye during the blink are performed for four human subjects in order to investigate the relationship between the wrinkle formation with aging and the strains by daily motion. In addition to the strain measurement, the moisture content, the flexibility and the elasticity of the skin surface are measured for investigating the skin condition. For observing the wrinkle formed on the facial skin, the replicas of the skin surfaces are also collected. Results show that the relationship between the wrinkle and the strain distribution at the inner corner of the eye is different from that at the corner of the eye. The results indicate that different methods for the corner of the eye and the inner corner of the eye are required for avoiding the wrinkle formation.

Evaluating distribution and variation of strains near eyes in blinking using digital image correlation

“…Digital image correlation requires a characteristic pattern on the measurement surface. When this method was applied to the study of the facial skin, the strain was measured by applying a pattern with spray painting 16,18 . However, the pattern may affect the movement of the skin, and the strain may not be obtained correctly when evaluating the minute change of the skin due to the cosmetic coating.…”

“…Strain can be considered as an effective index for physical properties because it is a high correlation with viscoelasticity. This method has also been used for measuring strain fields on human skin surface 10‐18 . It was shown using digital image correlation that the strain is likely to change in the lower half of the face where the deformation occurs with the movement of the mouth in the study of the changes in the dynamic behavior of the skin due to aging 17 .…”

A new methodology to identify minimum strain anatomical lines based on 3-D digital image correlation

“…At present, there is no standard procedure for skin strain analysis. Different techniques and technologies have been used to this end: magnetic resonance imaging (Tran et al, 2007), optical coherence tomography (Hendriks et al, 2006), ultrasound (Hendriks et al, 2003), 3-D scanning (Van den Herrewegen et al, 2014), multiple-view stereo matching (Thabet et al, 2014;Kimura et al, 2008), motion capture systems (Mahmud et al, 2010) and digital image correlation (DIC) (Staloff et al, 2008;Evans and Holt, 2009;Miura et al, 2012;Yoneyama, 2010;Obropta and Newman, 2016). At the same time, the procedure to calculate skin strain depends on the technology used.…”

“…At the same time, the procedure to calculate skin strain depends on the technology used. The most commonly used procedures for this purpose combine optical techniques with finite strain theory and the strain gauge rosette method (Obropta Jr., 2015;Evans and Holt, 2009;Miura et al, 2012;Staloff et al, 2008). The finite strain theory combined with 3-D digital image correlation (3D-DIC) has been shown to be the most accurate method as it provides the highest spatial resolution to measure the skin strain field during movement (Miura et al, 2012;Obropta Jr., 2015;Staloff et al, 2008).…”

Measuring facial strains for the cosmetic industry

“…We carried out facial strain analyses on four female subjects of different ages (one in her 20s, two in their 40s, and one in her 60s) while they experienced various common movements. 6 We made replicas of their skin surfaces to study the formation of facial wrinkles. In addition, we measured the moisture content, flexibility, and elasticity of their skin to investigate the condition Continued on next page of the surface.…”