“…Starting with the inception of digital information and communication technologies, the era of digital financial technologies -sometimes also referred to as Be-Finance^ (Gomber et al 2017, p. 540) -started and Arner et al (2016, p. 1282 assert that Bcertainly, by the late 1980s, financial services had become largely a digital industry, relying on electronic transactions between financial institutions, financial market participants, and customers around the world.^In the banking sector, the technologies spread along the banking value chain, which has evolved to comprise four clusters (Bons et al 2012, p. 198;Marinč 2013): customers (e.g., retail, commercial, investment), channels (e.g., branches, brokers, web, mobile, social), financial service providers (e.g., banks, nonbanks) and interbank providers (e.g., exchanges, networks Similar developments occurred in the insurance industry, albeit at a smaller scale due to less interactivity of the insurance business. Overall, the phase of digital financial technology illustrated that products and services in the entire financial industry may be supported by IT.…”