Digital displacement of youth offending: addressing the issue

Abstract

Purpose Global evidence suggests a potential displacement of youth offending from the physical to the digital landscape, requiring revision of existing detection and intervention methods. This study aims to explore pathways from harmful to illegal online activity perpetrated by young people, legislation and police perspectives, current detection methods and interventions. Design/methodology/approach This perspective paper examines issues observed within a larger systematic literature review on digital youth offending. Findings A trajectory from acceptable to harmful and subsequently illegal behaviour was identified, with a particular pathway from unethical video game activity to digitally dependent offending. Legislation and police perspectives vary by jurisdiction, with a common theme that increased officer education is key to the level of preparedness to investigate cases. Machine learning and automatic prevention show promise as detection and disruption processes, with education recommended for young people as a deterrent and redirection of skills to positive outcomes. Research limitations/implications Recommendations for further research include a broad survey of school students to include all identified areas of digital offending, which could drive the development of targeted education by law enforcement and partner agencies for young people. Practical implications The shift in youth offending requires the justice and educational systems to adjust how they respond to youth crime. Policy and practise shifts can include further exploration of investigative hacking, education for law enforcement and educational prevention and redirection programmes aimed at youth. Originality/value The digital displacement of youth offending is a progressively emerging concept. This paper examines the current state of response from educational and law enforcement agencies and discusses the next steps based on what is currently known.

Untitled

“…First of all, this is explained by the fact that such states were among the first in the world to introduce electronic technologies in the activities of their state institutions. However, as determined by scientists from Australia (McCord et al, 2022), the Kingdom of the Netherlands (Stoykova et al, 2022), the Kingdom of Norway (Stoykova et al, 2022), the Republic of Estonia , the United States of America (Belshaw & Nodeland, 2022), , (Holt et al, 2020) (Stoykova et al, 2022). Cyberattacks on electronic media leave certain artefacts in the target device's storage that can detect a cybercriminal and its behaviour if handled and analysed correctly.…”

Identification, collection, and investigation of electronic imagery as sources of evidence

“…First of all, this is explained by the fact that such states were among the first in the world to introduce electronic technologies in the activities of their state institutions. However, as determined by scientists from Australia (McCord et al, 2022), the Kingdom of the Netherlands (Stoykova et al, 2022), the Kingdom of Norway (Stoykova et al, 2022), the Republic of Estonia (Aksamitowska, 2021), the United States of America (Belshaw & Nodeland, 2022), , (Holt et al, 2020), Great Britain (Tun et al, 2020), Austria , the Federal Republic of Germany , the Republic of Ecuador , the Republic of Peru and other countries, such studies are not sufficient. Until now, it has not been fully clarified to what extent law enforcement agencies use the methodology and tools of digital criminalistics, how they implement recommendations and standards of digital forensic expertise, and how they receive, investigate, and analyse digital data sources (Stoykova et al, 2022).…”