Networks are the centerpieces of digital technologies [7]. Networks are mandatory for digital innovation to move data, which is generated and evaluated for value creation, between endpoints (e.g., clients, servers, and smart devices) [13]. The Internet connects to consumers and facilitates customer involvement in product innovations [35]. The Internet also provides transportation services between elements of the physical world, that is, things like vehicles, machines, buildings, animals, human bodies, and computing devices. With the aid of the Internet, these things send, receive, and process data, independent of time and location [17]. However, the common notion of the Internet of Things is inaccurate and misleading; private networks and access networks coexist and complement the public Internet for digital innovations. For confidential and business-critical applications, encrypted virtual private networks (VPN) form appropriate data highways between enterprise locations, the labor force, and associated business partners. Access network technologies bridge user endpoints to the public Internet or to private networks. In addition to well-known wireless access technologies, such as fourth-generation cellular networks (4G), near-field communication (NFC), or Wi-Fi, new developments are expected in the market (e.g., fifth-generation cellular networks (5G), low-power wide area networks [31], and ultrasonic solutions).The function of sensor devices, namely, measurement and analogue-to-digital conversion, and their rapid progression in recent years, provided the popular term digitization, and its literal derivatives, such as digitalization and digital transformation [5]. Miniaturization, that is, the integration of semi-conductors in smart devices, is progressing; it provides higher capacities for processing and storing data in small dimensions. These capacities allow high-performance computing of sensor-collected data, not only in smartphones or watches but also in tiny embedded systems, such as glasses, for workers in factories to scan serial numbers [38], or medical applications, for monitoring of vital signs. Sensor technology is one of the key drivers of digital innovations, because it allows translation of physical or chemical information from assets, living things, plants, and environments into a code that connected electronic devices can process at a distance. Sensors in various smart devices can measure local temperature, barometric pressure, humidity, brightness, and substances for remote operation. reduce requirements for searching, transporting, and storing of goods or assets. They may also reduce the time from order to delivery. Customers benefit from saving costs and time in waiting and searching [8].Value capture is about how digital innovators generate revenue streams, and how they get paid [36]. Examples of digital revenue creation are advertising, fees for usage and subscriptions, or charges for brokering services [25]. Credit card firms or operators of automated payment solutions can act as partners ...