Digital Concrete: A Review

Wangler, Timothy; Roussel, Nicolas; Bos, Freek; Salet, Theo A.M.; Flatt, Robert J.

doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2019.105780

Cited by 384 publications

(172 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…The findings regarding the effects on interlayer strength are not always consistent-compare [23]. In addition, there are nearly no data available on systems with significant structural build-up as it is prevalent in SC3DP-technology.…”

Section: Effects On Interlayer Strengthmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Moreover, admixtures may be induced in the nozzle, which are homogeneously distributed by the compressed air. Although the progress in 3D concrete printing has developed enormously [23], there is still a severe lack of knowledge of the functional interaction of processing technology, concrete rheology and admixture usage. This paper presents for Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) technology the effect of a range of accelerator dosages (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%) on fresh concrete properties (yield stress evolution) and on interlayer strength.…”

Section: Shotcrete 3d Printing (Sc3dp) Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Accelerator Dosage on Fresh Concrete Properties and on Interlayer Strength in Shotcrete 3D Printing

2020

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Recently, the progress in 3D concrete printing has developed enormously. However, for the techniques available, there is still a severe lack of knowledge of the functional interaction of processing technology, concrete rheology and admixture usage. For shotcrete 3D printing technology, we present the effect of accelerator dosages (0%, 2%, 4% and 6%) on fresh concrete properties and on interlayer strength. Therefore, early yield stress development up to 90 min is measured with penetration resistance measurements. Deformation of layers under loading is investigated with digital image correlation and a mechanical testing machine. One point in time (10 min after deposition) is examined to quantify vertical buildability of elements depending on the accelerator dosage. Four different interlayer times (0, 2, 5 and 30 min), which occur for the production of small and large elements as well as due to delay during production, are investigated mechanically as well as quantitatively with computed tomography regarding the formation of cold joints. With increased accelerator dosage, an instantaneous increase in early age yield stress and yield stress evolution was observed. An increase in interlayer time leads to a reduced strength. This is mainly attributed to the observed reduced mechanical interlocking effect of the strands. Finally, a model to describe interlayer quality is presented. In the end, advantages as well as limitations of the findings are discussed.

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Section: Effects On Interlayer Strengthmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Shotcrete 3d Printing (Sc3dp) Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Accelerator Dosage on Fresh Concrete Properties and on Interlayer Strength in Shotcrete 3D Printing

2020

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“…• The graphs reveal many situations in which l 5 cm, suggesting that thin-shell structures of minimum weight [104][105][106][107][108][109][110] may also be optimized for thermal mass and natural ventilation. • While not analyzed here, the thermal properties of earthen materials [115] and high-density bamboo composites [116] suggest that these materials are promising candidates, too.…”

Section: Materials Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Optimal Tuning, within Carbon Limits, of Thermal Mass in Naturally Ventilated Buildings

Craig¹

2019

Preprint

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What proportions should a thermally massive building have? How should the thermal mass be distributed? Should the "massing" change with the choice of material? This paper shows how to optimize the physical proportions of a building so that it synchronizes ambient heat exchanges in a natural feedback cycle. An internal mass is thermally coupled with buoyancy ventilation; the cycle is driven by the daily swing of outdoor temperature. Tripling up functions in this way—so that structural materials can reliably cool and power the ventilation for buildings—could help decarbonize the construction industry and provide an effective strategy for adapting to life-threatening heatwaves. Based on harmonic analysis, the method allows designers to thermally tune the form and mass of a building to meet chosen targets for temperature and ventilation in free-running mode. Once the optimal balance of exchange rates is known, design teams can proportionally vary the building height and ventilation openings against the surface area and thickness of an internal thermal mass. The possible permutations are infinite but parametrically constrained, allowing teams to fairly compare the functional and environmental credentials of different construction materials while they produce and evaluate preliminary options for organizing the exterior form and interior spaces of a building. An example study suggests that thin-shell structures of minimum weight, and even timber buildings, may be optimally tuned to produce ample ventilation and temperature attenuation.

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“…The 3DCP can improve the quality and speed of construction and eliminate the need for formwork, and thereby the associated labor, resulting in substantial time and cost savings. Furthermore, the layer-bylayer deposition process of 3DCP stimulates geometrical freedom to build complex multifunctional architectures [1][2][3][4][5]. These practical advantages of the 3DCP technique make it valuable for the construction industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a 3D-Printable Ultra-High Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete for Digital Construction

Arunothayan¹,

Nematollahi²,

Ranade³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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This paper presents the systematic development and performance characterization of a nonproprietary 3D-printable ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) for digital construction. Several fresh and hardened properties of the developed 3D-printable UHPFRC matrix (without fiber) and composite (with 2% volume fraction of steel fibers) were evaluated and compared to that of conventionally mold-cast UHPFRC. Additionally, the effects of testing direction on the compressive and flexural strengths of the printed UHPFRC were investigated.The fresh properties of the UHPFRC developed in this study satisfied the criteria for extrudability, buildability, and shape-retention-ability, which are relevant for ensuring printability. The printed UHPFRC exhibited superior flexural performance to the mold-cast UHPFRC due to alignment of the short fibers in the printing direction. The high compressive and flexural strengths, along with the deflection-hardening behavior, of the developed UHPFRC can enable the production of thin 3D-printed components with significant reduction or complete elimination of conventional steel bars.

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Digital Concrete: A Review

Cited by 384 publications

References 134 publications

The Effect of Accelerator Dosage on Fresh Concrete Properties and on Interlayer Strength in Shotcrete 3D Printing

The Effect of Accelerator Dosage on Fresh Concrete Properties and on Interlayer Strength in Shotcrete 3D Printing

The Optimal Tuning, within Carbon Limits, of Thermal Mass in Naturally Ventilated Buildings

Development of a 3D-Printable Ultra-High Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete for Digital Construction

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