Digital Biosensing by Foundry-Fabricated Graphene Sensors

Goldsmith, Brett; Locascio, Lauren; Gao, Yingning; Lerner, Mitchell; Walker, Amy; Lerner, Jeremy; Kyaw, Jayla; Shue, Angela; Afsahi, Savannah; Pan, Dengyu; Nokes, Jolie; Barron, Francie

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-38700-w

Cited by 84 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…At constant bias voltage (V ds = 0.1 V) the highly selective sensor showed a LOD of 100 fM for a 22-mer DNA strand [32]. These three examples in DNA sensing based on FET transduction show that a lower number of [98]. Copyright (2019) Springer Nature defects and a lower number of layers achieve slightly better detection limits.…”

Section: Field-effect Transistors and Chemiresistorsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Two sensing types are accomplished, either back-gating or top-gating, also known as solution-gating. The interaction of the analyte with the 2D carbon material changes its charge carrier density due to electric charge distribution making this technology capable to develop rapid, miniaturized sensors [98]. A chemiresistor is similar to the FET.…”

Section: Field-effect Transistors and Chemiresistorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent developments in carbon-based two-dimensional materials: synthesis and modification aspects for electrochemical sensors

Kirchner

Hirsch

2020

Microchim Acta

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This review (162 references) focuses on two-dimensional carbon materials, which include graphene as well as its allotropes varying in size, number of layers, and defects, for their application in electrochemical sensors. Many preparation methods are known to yield two-dimensional carbon materials which are often simply addressed as graphene, but which show huge variations in their physical and chemical properties and therefore on their sensing performance. The first section briefly reviews the most promising as well as the latest achievements in graphene synthesis based on growth and delamination techniques, such as chemical vapor deposition, liquid phase exfoliation via sonication or mechanical forces, as well as oxidative procedures ranging from chemical to electrochemical exfoliation. Two-dimensional carbon materials are highly attractive to be integrated in a wide field of sensing applications. Here, graphene is examined as recognition layer in electrochemical sensors like field-effect transistors, chemiresistors, impedance-based devices as well as voltammetric and amperometric sensors. The sensor performance is evaluated from the material’s perspective of view and revealed the impact of structure and defects of the 2D carbon materials in different transducing technologies. It is concluded that the performance of 2D carbon-based sensors is strongly related to the preparation method in combination with the electrical transduction technique. Future perspectives address challenges to transfer 2D carbon-based sensors from the lab to the market.

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Section: Field-effect Transistors and Chemiresistorsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Field-effect Transistors and Chemiresistorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments in carbon-based two-dimensional materials: synthesis and modification aspects for electrochemical sensors

Kirchner

Hirsch

2020

Microchim Acta

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“…Up to now, large‐scale, high quality graphene sensors with average mobility ≈5000 cm 2 V −1 s −1 can be routinely fabricated . Nevertheless, the reported electronic characterizations of GFET biochemical sensors are still behind expectation (see also Section ).…”

Section: Challenges Perspectives and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasensitive Field‐Effect Biosensors Enabled by the Unique Electronic Properties of Graphene

Zhang

Jing

Shen

et al. 2019

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This review provides a critical overview of current developments on nanoelectronic biochemical sensors based on graphene. Composed of a single layer of conjugated carbon atoms, graphene has outstanding high carrier mobility and low intrinsic electrical noise, but a chemically inert surface. Surface functionalization is therefore crucial to unravel graphene sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of targeted analytes. To achieve optimal performance of graphene transistors for biochemical sensing, the tuning of the graphene surface properties via surface functionalization and passivation is highlighted, as well as the tuning of its electrical operation by utilizing multifrequency ambipolar configuration and a high frequency measurement scheme to overcome the Debye screening to achieve low noise and highly sensitive detection. Potential applications and prospectives of ultrasensitive graphene electronic biochemical sensors ranging from environmental monitoring and food safety, healthcare and medical diagnosis, to life science research, are presented as well.

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“…[ 3–5 ] Many applications have been explored, and more are under study, in which active graphene sensors are used to transduce the physical property of interest into an electrical signal. Prominent examples include biochemical sensors, [ 6–8 ] gas sensors, [ 9,10 ] pH sensors, [ 11,12 ] ion sensors, [ 13 ] or transducers of electrical potential for neural interfaces. [ 14–17 ] The latter, has recently attracted increasing attention due to the potential of graphene solution‐gated field‐effect transistors (g‐SGFETs) to record infra‐slow [ 18 ] brain activity with a high spatial resolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distortion‐Free Sensing of Neural Activity Using Graphene Transistors

Garcia‐Cortadella

Masvidal‐Codina

Cruz

et al. 2020

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Graphene has attracted much attention for its application on sensing due to its high carrier mobility, [1] chemical stability, [2] high stretchability, [3] and transparency. [3][4][5] Many applications have been explored, and more are under study, in which active graphene sensors are used to transduce the physical property of Graphene solution-gated field-effect transistors (g-SGFETs) are promising sensing devices to transduce electrochemical potential signals in an electrolyte bath. However, distortion mechanisms in g-SGFET, which can affect signals of large amplitude or high frequency, have not been evaluated. Here, a detailed characterization and modeling of the harmonic distortion and nonideal frequency response in g-SGFETs is presented. This accurate description of the input-output relation of the g-SGFETs allows to define the voltageand frequency-dependent transfer functions, which can be used to correct distortions in the transduced signals. The effect of signal distortion and its subsequent calibration are shown for different types of electrophysiological signals, spanning from large amplitude and low frequency cortical spreading depression events to low amplitude and high frequency action potentials. The thorough description of the distortion mechanisms presented in this article demonstrates that g-SGFETs can be used as distortion-free signal transducers not only for neural sensing, but also for a broader range of applications in which g-SGFET sensors are used.

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Digital Biosensing by Foundry-Fabricated Graphene Sensors

Cited by 84 publications

References 45 publications

Recent developments in carbon-based two-dimensional materials: synthesis and modification aspects for electrochemical sensors

Recent developments in carbon-based two-dimensional materials: synthesis and modification aspects for electrochemical sensors

Ultrasensitive Field‐Effect Biosensors Enabled by the Unique Electronic Properties of Graphene

Distortion‐Free Sensing of Neural Activity Using Graphene Transistors

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