Digital audio steganography: Systematic review, classification, and analysis of the current state of the art

Alsabhany, Ahmed A.; Ali, Ahmed Hussain; Ridzuan, Farida; Azni, A. H.; Mokhtar, Mohd Rosmadi

doi:10.1016/j.cosrev.2020.100316

Cited by 38 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 60 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This type is called target or specific, while the other one is the universal type where the features are identified as a behavioral pattern regardless of the embedding technique. Some steganography techniques follow sequentially or linear access of the cover medium unit for embedding [40]. This leads to an obvious pattern that can be easily detected; for example, a change in the expected JPEG compression quantization nature [16].…”

Section: Signature Steganalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Survey of Multimedia Steganalysis: Techniques, Evaluations, and Trends in Future Research

Shehab

Alhaddad

2022

Symmetry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During recent years, emerging multimedia processing techniques with information security services have received a lot of attention. Among those trends are steganography and steganalysis. Steganography techniques aim to hide the existence of secret messages in an innocent-looking medium, where the medium before and after embedding looks symmetric. Steganalysis techniques aim to breach steganography techniques and detect the presence of invisible messages. In the modern world, digital multimedia such as audio, images, and video became popular and widespread, which makes them perfect candidates for steganography. Monitoring this huge multimedia while the user communicates with the outside world is very important for detecting whether there is a hidden message in any suspicious communication. However, steganalysis has a significant role in many fields, such as to extract the stego-message, to detect suspicious hidden messages and to evaluate the robustness of existing steganography techniques. This survey provides the general principles of hiding secret messages using digital multimedia as well as reviewing the background of steganalysis. In this survey, the steganalysis is classified based on many points of view for better understanding. In addition, it provides a deep review and summarizes recent steganalysis approaches and techniques for audio, images, and video. Finally, the existing shortcomings and future recommendations in this field are discussed to present a useful resource for future research.

show abstract

Section: Signature Steganalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Survey of Multimedia Steganalysis: Techniques, Evaluations, and Trends in Future Research

Shehab

Alhaddad

2022

Symmetry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The information of the original sample value can be contained as the absolute difference between the original sample value (𝑥) with the last mirror point formed on the same sample (see (16)). This value is then converted to its binary value with total bits (𝐸 𝑖 ) following the chosen bit as in (9).…”

Section: Embedding Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the former works by changing the representation of information so that only the receiver can access the real information due to its unreadable format, the latter works by hiding the secret information inside a file called the cover. In its implementation, this cover can be any type of data: image [7] [8], video [10], or audio [9] [11]. Furthermore, text can also be utilized for the same purpose [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved prediction error expansion and mirroring embedded samples for enhancing reversible audio data hiding

Samudra

Ahmad

2021

Heliyon

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…RDH can extract the embedded data and recover the medium losslessly, which is useful for hiding sensitive information such as in the military, medical, legal, or something that requires no change in a media cover [3,4]. Many RDH algorithms have been developed in various methods and applications, which are analyzed from different aspects, like in encrypted images [5], digital audio-based classification [6], trends of digital image-based data hiding [7], attack to cipher images [8], two-layer embedding [9], and predictor-based RDH [10]. In detail, the introduced methods include difference expansion (DE), histogram shifting (HS), and pixel value ordering (PVO), for various purposes, like file tampering detection [11] and watermarking [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In detail, the introduced methods include difference expansion (DE), histogram shifting (HS), and pixel value ordering (PVO), for various purposes, like file tampering detection [11] and watermarking [12]. Furthermore, RDH can be developed in various media, like image [7], audio [6], and video [13], with either spatial or frequency domain. For example, multiple prediction error expansion [14], gametheoretic approach [15], and dual-images [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Video-based Data Hiding by Exploring Prediction Error and Histogram Shifting

2022

IJIES

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Information has been crucial in supporting daily activities. Many tasks must be accomplished by transferring not only public but also private information. This situation has brought the necessity for protecting it during transmission. Some mechanisms introduced, like data hiding, are still challenging, considering the quality of the data and the secret size can be protected. This research presents a reversible data hiding method for digital video based on prediction error and histogram shifting to approach those problems. There are six kinds of prediction errors used, three are created from two adjacent frames, and three are from a single frame. The selection of the shift location is determined by the histogram location, which has the highest peak point. The histogram is obtained by calculating the frequency of the subtraction of each value from its predicted value. The PSNR calculated from the stego and the original videos has an average of 73.45 dB. This value demonstrates that the proposed method outperforms the previous research.

show abstract

Digital audio steganography: Systematic review, classification, and analysis of the current state of the art

Cited by 38 publications

References 60 publications

Comprehensive Survey of Multimedia Steganalysis: Techniques, Evaluations, and Trends in Future Research

Comprehensive Survey of Multimedia Steganalysis: Techniques, Evaluations, and Trends in Future Research

Improved prediction error expansion and mirroring embedded samples for enhancing reversible audio data hiding

Video-based Data Hiding by Exploring Prediction Error and Histogram Shifting

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About