Digital and Decentralized Management of Patient Data in Healthcare Using Blockchain Implementations

Abstract

Blockchain solutions offer efficient approaches for trustworthy data management, especially in the medical field when storing and processing sensitive patient data. Many institutional and industrial facilities have already recognized the importance of the technology for the health sector and have also formulated basic ideas, concepts and main use cases, but concrete implementations and executions are comparatively rare. This mini review examines current research on specific blockchain implementations in healthcare that go beyond the state of concept studies or theoretical implementation ideas and describes the most promising systems based on systematic literature research. The review shows that secure storage and easy access to complete patient data is becoming increasingly important. Blockchain technology can be used as a secure, transparent and digital way to meet these needs. Hybrid solutions consisting of conventional data storage and blockchain-based access management are increasingly being developed and implemented. The automation of blockchain processes through smart contracts is also recommended. The review further reveals ambiguities in the use of permissioned and permissionless blockchain frameworks, machine learning (ML) integration as well as the question of which data should be stored in the blockchain and how this should be viewed legally. Therefore, there is still a need for further research, especially on these aspects, in order to further establish the use of blockchains in healthcare.

Do you need a blockchain in healthcare data sharing? A tertiary review

“…In healthcare, patient-centric care models are increasingly important, and involving patients in their data management is a key aspect of this [77]. Patient involvement can empower individuals to take control of their health information, allowing them to grant or revoke access to their data [78,79]. Blockchain can offer a platform where patients can actively engage with their data securely and transparently [80].…”

Methods of medical data management based on blockchain technologies

“…Currently, there is a rapid development of information systems and network technologies of health care facilities, and cyber-physical medical systems. However, the data used in these systems and technologies may be at risk of leakage, falsification, and forgery during their transmission, storage, and exchange [ 20 ].…”

Case studies about smart contracts in healthcare

“…To provide high security to users, it has been accepted and it's mentioned in several studies that the blockchain technology working along with smart contracts 4 , 5 in its many variants is the most effective source for IoMT data security. Blockchain's decentralized 6 – 11 platform is tamperproof due to its cryptographic technology used to authenticate users in the network and a decentralized 12 – 14 storage system can also provide low-cost off-chain storage to store supply chain transaction data.…”