Digit ratio (2D:4D) and handgrip strength in subjects of Han ethnicity: Impact of sex and age

Zhao, Dapeng; Li, Baoguo; Yu, Keli; Lianbin, Zheng

doi:10.1002/ajpa.22130

Cited by 57 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…Similar results were found in studies from Han ethnicity. 33 Studies on Hui and Han ethnicities of the Chinese population reported a negative correlation of 2D:4D ratio of both hands with HGS in women. 30,31 Other studies on the left hand report no correlation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The second to fourth digit ratio: a measure of hand grip strength?

Nanda

Samanta

2017

Int J Adv Med

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Background: The ratio of the lengths of the index and the ring finger (2D:4D ratio) is generally different between men and women. This has often been used as an indicator of the levels of prenatal androgen exposure. It has hence been suggested to have a role in many gender differences including performance in sports. Men generally outperform women in most physical abilities. However, reports in various studies have been inconclusive, depending upon the physical ability tested. Hand Grip Strength (HGS) is a good measure of overall strength of an individual. Hence, we decided to determine the relationship between 2D:4D and HGS of both hands in men and women.Methods: Scanned images of both hands of young volunteers were analysed and the 2D:4D ratio calculated. HGS was measured and results correlated with 2D:4D.Results: 2D:4D ratio of men was significantly less than of women for the right (p<0.001) and the left hand (p<0.001). HGS of men was significantly greater than that of women for the right (p<0.0001) and for the left hand (p<0.0001). 2D:4D ratio in men showed a weak but significant positive correlation with HGS of right(p<0.05) and left hand(p<0.05). A weak but significant positive correlation was also seen for the left hand in females. However, 2D:4D ratios did not show any significant correlation with HGS for the right hand in women.Conclusions: We conclude that 2D:4D ratio is a measure of Hand Grip Strength in men, but is not a robust measure of HGS in women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The second to fourth digit ratio: a measure of hand grip strength?

Nanda

Samanta

2017

Int J Adv Med

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“…Fink et al, (2006) and Zhao et al, (2012) suggested that there was a negative correlation between 2D:4D and GS, whereas Zhao et al, (2012) and Hone and McCullough (2013) confirmed that there was not a correlation in the females for the same variable. Furthermore, there are many studies proving that there is no correlation between 2D:4D and static strength (van Anders, 2007;Gallup et al, 2007, Halil andGürel, 2012).…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zhao et al, (2015) suggested that there was a strong correlation between the cardiovascular system and muscle strength due to prenatal testosterone in the males but reported no evidence for the females. In studies examining the correlation between 2D:4D and strength, Grip Strength (GS) test which determines the static strength is utilized (Ranson et al, 2015;Bilgiç et al, 2016;Eghbali, 2016;van Anders, 2007;Gallup et al, 2007;Zhao et al, 2012).…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order the identification of 2D:4D finger ratio to be a criterion in talent auditions, more research should be conducted on children and 2D:4D. Most of the studies regarding 2D:4D include adults (Beaton et al, 2011;Fink et al, 2006;Paul et al, 2006;Zhao et al, 2012), adolescents (Peeters et al, 2013), only a single physical fitness parameter (Manning et al, 2000;Manning and Hill, 2009;Folland et al, 2012) and groups of athletes in a single branch of sports (Bilgiç, 2016;Voracek et al, 2010;Kilduff et al, 2011;Tamiya et al, 2012;Manning, 2002;Manning, 2009;Bennet et al, 2010;Sudhakar et al, 2013;Kociuba et al, 2017). The aim of this study is to determined correlation between the right hand finger ratio (2D:4D) and the parameters of anthropometric and physical fitness in male and female children aged 10 -12.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The correlation between right hand finger ratio (2D:4D) and the parameters of anthropometric and physical fitness in children

Eler

2018

HumanSciences

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It is hypothesized that there is a correlation between the ratio of second hand finger to fourth hand finger (2D:4D) which is an indicator of prenatal testosterone and physical fitness and sportive performance The aim of this study was to determined correlation between the right hand finger ratio (2D:4D) and the parameters of anthropometric and physical fitness in male and female children aged between 10 and 12. Six hundred and seventy eight males whose age average was 0.49±1.32 and 592 females whose age average was 10.38 ± 1.48 participated in this study. In addition to taking the students' right hand 2D:4D, height, weight, triceps, subscapular, full arm and leg measurements, vertical jumping, standing long jump, flexibility, 20 m sprint, 10x5 agility, leg strength, right/left hand grip strength, 20 m shuttle run and balance tests were also performed. Statistically differences were found between anthropometric measurements apart from height and BMI, 2D:4D and physical fitness parameters in the males and females. A negative correlation between right hand 2D:4D and vertical jumping, standing long jump, 20 m sprint, 10x5 agility and right hand grip strength in the males. As for the females, although a negative correlation was detected between right hand 2D:4D and height, a positive correlation was found between the same variable and body fat ratio (p<0.05). It can be concluded that while a low 2D:4D ratio was correlated with static and explosive strength, speed and agility in the males, it was correlated with height and body fat ratio in the females.

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“…Numerous studies on 2D:4D in humans provide clear evidence for sexual dimorphism (Manning et al, 1998;Manning, 2002;Saino et al, 2006;Grimbos et al 2010;Nelson et al, 2011;Zhao et al, 2012). Non-human studies conducted so far have, however, yielded inconsistent results, although sexual dimorphism in 2D:4D has been found in some of the tested species, including amphibians (Oophaga pumilio: Chang, 2008) Romano et al, 2005;Saino et al, 2007), and mammals (rodents: Brown et al, 2002;Manning et al, 2003;Leoni et al, 2005;Yan et al, 2008;primates: Roney et al, 2004;McIntyre et al, 2009;Nelson and Shultz, 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

Sex differences in anogenital distances and digit ratios in wild David’s rock squirrels Sciurotamias davidianus

Zhao

2014

Current Zoology

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The prenatal hormonal environment plays an important role in organizing sex differences in the morphology, physiology and behavior of humans as well as other vertebrates. Currently, all related research on rodents has been focused on Myomorpha. This study presents data on sex differences in the anogenital distance (AGD) and the ratio of the second to the fourth digit length (2D:4D) from 44 wild David's rock squirrels Sciurotamias davidianus captured from the Qinling Mountains, China. This was the first study of a species from Sciuromorpha. The AGD as well as body mass are sexually dimorphic. There are no sex differences or lateral asymmetry in 2D:4D. Significant correlation was not found between AGD and 2D:4D for any paw. The findings indicate that 2D:4D may not be fixed or influenced by the prenatal steroidal environment in David's rock squirrels [Current Zoology 60 (2): 180-185, 2014].

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Digit ratio (2D:4D) and handgrip strength in subjects of Han ethnicity: Impact of sex and age

Cited by 57 publications

References 66 publications

The second to fourth digit ratio: a measure of hand grip strength?

The second to fourth digit ratio: a measure of hand grip strength?

The correlation between right hand finger ratio (2D:4D) and the parameters of anthropometric and physical fitness in children

Sex differences in anogenital distances and digit ratios in wild David’s rock squirrels Sciurotamias davidianus

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