Digit ratio (2D:4D) and Cattell's personality traits

Lindová, Jitka; Hrušková, Martina; Pivoňková, Věra; Kubêna, Aleŝ; Flegr, Jaroslav

doi:10.1002/per.664

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…There was no apparent effect on the difference between 2D:4D on the two hands in the 16 CAIS women in Berenbaum et al's study. Differences in 2D:4D effects on the right and left hands are well known. The 2D:4D difference between the sexes, and correlations between behavioral traits and 2D:4D are stronger on the right hand (Lindova et al 2008;Manning and Fink 2008;Putz et al 2004) while genetic contributions to variation in 2D:4D tend to be stronger on the left (Gobrogge et al 2008;Medland and Loehlin 2008;Paul et al 2006, but see Voracek and Dressler 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Aggression, Digit Ratio and Variation in Androgen Receptor and Monoamine Oxidase A Genes in Men

2010

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Variation in prenatal exposure to androgens is thought to be responsible for some of the individual differences in aggressive behavior among adults. A putative indicator of prenatal testosterone exposure, 2D:4D (the index to ring finger length) ratios have shown a weak correlation with aggression. Variation in sensitivity of the androgen receptor, resulting from polymorphism in the AR gene, is also thought to influence the relative expression of sexually dimorphic traits within each sex, including aggressive behavior and 2D:4D. Here we examine variation in aggression, 2D:4D, and polymorphism in the AR and MAO-A genes in a sample of 188 men. We find no evidence of AR gene influence on right hand 2D:4D, and a weak trend towards more feminine-typical left hand 2D:4D in men with more sensitive androgen receptors. Men with more sensitive androgen receptors tended to score lower on many of the subscales of the Aggression Questionnaire and Indirect Aggression Questionnaire. We found no influence of MAO-A allele on either digit ratio or aggressive behavior. We conclude that more masculine-typical 2D:4D does not reflect greater sensitivity to testosterone through variation in this locus on the AR gene, and that AR alleles conferring greater sensitivity to testosterone are associated with lower, not higher propensity to aggression.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Aggression, Digit Ratio and Variation in Androgen Receptor and Monoamine Oxidase A Genes in Men

2010

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“…For that reason many researchers try to find a correlation between 2D:4D and various androgen-dependent or sexually dimorphic aspects of the brain functions and behavior both in healthy persons and among clinical groups (for a review see Hönekopp et al, 2007;Lindová, Hrušková, Pivoňková, Kuběna, & Fleger, 2007;McIntyre, 2006). Some of these aspects are the individual differences in the cerebral lateralization and handedness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Finger Length Ratio (2D:4D) in Left- and Right-Handed Males

Stoyanov¹,

Marinov²,

Pashalieva³

2009

International Journal of Neuroscience

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The finger length ratio (2D:4D) is a biomarker for the prenatal levels of testosterone. The prenatal effects of testosterone on the development of brain hemispheres are considered as a key factor in the etiology of left-handedness. We tested whether 2D:4D correlates with the type of handedness in males (18 right-handers and 18 left-handers). Right hand 2D:4D, left hand 2D:4D, average 2D:4D, and the difference between right and left 2D:4D (D(r-l)) were compared. The value of D(r-l) in left-handers was significantly lower than D(r-l) in right-handers. This result can be interpreted as proof that left-handers were subjected to higher levels of testosterone in utero.

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“…Using univariate ANOVAs, we tested sexual dimorphism in the 2D : 4D ratio in three datasets, of the measurements taken from 297 biology students of our University, 238 children of an elementary school and 117 members of the adult population (for detailed methodology see Flegr et al 2005Flegr et al , 2008Holub et al 2008;Lindová et al 2008). In the case of the 245 biology students for which results of the serological test for toxoplasmosis were available, we also tested for the effect of Toxoplasma infection on the 2D : 4D ratio (documented in Flegr et al 2005).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first article concerning the 2D : 4D ratio was published by Manning et al (1998) and has been cited 207 times during the last 10 years. In this period, more than 300 other papers on this topic were published, three of which were coauthored by one of us (Flegr et al 2005Lindová et al 2008). More recently, research on the 2D : 4D ratio has been extended to animals (for references, see Voracek & Loibl 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the 2nd to 4th digit length ratio in humans reflect shifts along the common allometric line

Kratochvíl

Flegr

2009

Biol. Lett.

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Ratios often lead to biased conclusions concerning the actual relationships between examined traits and comparisons of the relative size of traits among groups. Therefore, the use of ratios has been abandoned in most comparative studies. However, ratios such as body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio are widely used in evolutionary biology and medicine. One such, the ratio of the 2nd to the 4th finger (2D : 4D), has been the subject of much recent interest in both humans and animals. Most studies agree that 2D : 4D is sexually dimorphic. In men, the 2nd digit tends to be shorter than the 4th, while in women the 2nd digit tends to be of the same size or slightly longer than the 4th. Nevertheless, here we demonstrate that the sexes do not greatly differ in the scaling between the 2nd and 4th digit. Sexual differences in 2D : 4D are mainly caused by the shift along the common allometric line with non-zero intercept, which means 2D : 4D necessarily decreases with increasing finger length, and the fact that men have longer fingers than women. We conclude that previously published results on the 2D : 4D ratio are biased by its covariation with finger length. We strongly recommend regression-based approaches for comparisons of hand shape among different groups.

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Digit ratio (2D:4D) and Cattell's personality traits

Cited by 22 publications

References 30 publications

Aggression, Digit Ratio and Variation in Androgen Receptor and Monoamine Oxidase A Genes in Men

Aggression, Digit Ratio and Variation in Androgen Receptor and Monoamine Oxidase A Genes in Men

Finger Length Ratio (2D:4D) in Left- and Right-Handed Males

Differences in the 2nd to 4th digit length ratio in humans reflect shifts along the common allometric line

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