Digestive Physiology and Nutrition of Ratites

Sales, J.

doi:10.3184/147020606783437912

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…This makes it possible to modify the FA composition of meat and fat tissue in these animals through dietary treatment (Hoffman et al, 2005;Sales, 2006;Wood et al, 2008). The ostrich is also a monogastric animal, but unlike the species above, its ability to digest fibrous fractions improves with age, reaching an efficiency of 66% for hemicellulose and 38% for cellulose at about 17 weeks of age (Angel, 1996).…”

Section: Fan Fillet Meat Fa Profilementioning

confidence: 97%

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Effect of cottonseed oilcake inclusion on ostrich growth performance and meat chemical composition

et al. 2013

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Section: Fan Fillet Meat Fa Profilementioning

confidence: 97%

“…Although the ability of the ostrich to utilize the fibrous fractions of the diet has been well documented (Aganga et al, 2003;Sales, 2006), no specific values in terms of ADF and NDF requirements have been provided.…”

Section: Dietary Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of cottonseed oilcake inclusion on ostrich growth performance and meat chemical composition

et al. 2013

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“…There are surprisingly few accounts documenting the general appearance of the emu tongue, with both Fowler (1991) and Sales (2006Sales ( , 2007 simply quoting the observation of Cho et al (1984) that "the tongue of the emu has a serrated edge". The fringed appearance of the emu tongue body is also illustrated by Bonga Tomlinson (2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology of the tongue of the emu (<i>Dromaius novaehollandiae</i>). I. Gross anatomical features and topography

Crole

Soley

2009

Onderstepoort J Vet Res

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Despite numerous papers addressing the topic, the gross morphology of the ratite tongue and more specifically that of the emu, has been superficially or poorly described. This paper presents the first definitive macroscopic description of the emu tongue and reviews, consolidates and compares the scattered information on the gross morphology of the ratite tongue available in the literature. Twenty-three heads obtained from birds at slaughter were used for this study. Specimens were fixed in 10 % neutral buffered formalin, rinsed and the gross anatomy described. The emu tongue is divided into a body and a root. The body is triangular, dorsoventrally flattened, pigmented and displays caudally directed lingual papillae on both the lateral and caudal margins. The root, a more conspicuous structure in comparison to other ratites, is triangular, with a raised bulbous component folding over the rostral part of the laryngeal fissure. Following the general trend in ratites, the emu tongue is greatly reduced in comparison to the bill length and is specifically adapted for swallowing during the cranioinertial method of feeding employed by palaeognaths. This study revealed that it is not only the shape of the tongue that differs between ratites, as previously reported, but also its colour, appearance of its margins and root, and its length in comparison to the bill, and the shape of the paraglossum.

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“…Ostriches have a different gastrointestinal tract compared to broilers, which allows them to digest dietary fibre more efficiently (Cilliers et al, 1992(Cilliers et al, , 1997Brand et al, 2000;Sales, 2006). The length of the colon in an adult ostrich represents approximately 57% of the intestines compared to only 3% in an adult broiler (Angel, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth, body characteristics and blood parameters of ostrich chickens receiving commercial probiotics

Karimi-Kivi

Dadashbeiki

Seidavi

2015

Span. j. agric. res.

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This study was undertaken to determine the effect of four commercial probiotics on growth, body characteristics and haematological parameters of ostrich chicks. A total of 25 ostrich chicks (937±68.1 g) were individually allocated and fed the experimental diet for six weeks (n=5 per treatment). Experimental diets consisted of a corn/soybean meal-based diet unsupplemented (T1: Control), and four diets supplemented with probiotics according to the recommendations of the manufacturer (T2: 0.04% Bioplus 2B; T3: 0.09% Primalac; T4: 0.1% Thepax; and T5: 0.03% Protexin). Feed intake (FI), body weight (BW) and seven body characteristics (e.g. height) were measured every week. Blood samples and other body characteristics were also taken in the last week. There was an interaction effect between diet and time on all the growth variables and body characteristics (p<0.05). Both the BW and the BW gain of the ostrich chicks were, in general, higher for those fed the diet T2 than those fed the control diet (0.42, 1.07, 0.99, 1.09, 2.51, and 1.66 kg BW gain vs 0.28, 0.41, 0.83, 0.94, 1.15, and 1.15 kg BW gain at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days respectively), while for those fed the other diets containing probiotics differences were only observed at 42 days (p<0.05). Consuming probiotics over an extended period influenced several of the haematological parameters differently compared to those fed the control diet (p<0.05). T2 and T3 increased the concentration of total cholesterol (157 and 210 mg/dL respectively), when compared to those fed the control diet (119 mg/dL), while total cholesterol was slightly reduced (p>0.05) for those fed the diet containing Thepax (T4, 79 mg/ dL). In conclusion, the effects of commercial probiotics on growth performance, body characteristics and haematological parameters varied among probiotics. Additional key words: blood parameters; growth performance; ostrich chicks; poultry nutrition Abbreviations used: BW (body weight); FCR (feed conversion ratio); FI (feed intake); HDL (high density lipoproteins); LDL (low density lipoproteins); VLDL (very low density lipoproteins) Citation: Karimi-Kivi, R.; Dadashbeiki, M.; Seidavi, A. (2015). Growth, body characteristics and blood parameters of ostrich chickens receiving commercial probiotics. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, Volume 13, Issue 1, e06-004, 11 pages. http:// dx

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Digestive Physiology and Nutrition of Ratites

Cited by 16 publications

References 75 publications

Effect of cottonseed oilcake inclusion on ostrich growth performance and meat chemical composition

Effect of cottonseed oilcake inclusion on ostrich growth performance and meat chemical composition

Morphology of the tongue of the emu (<i>Dromaius novaehollandiae</i>). I. Gross anatomical features and topography

Growth, body characteristics and blood parameters of ostrich chickens receiving commercial probiotics

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