Digestive fate of dietary carrageenan: Evidence of interference with digestive proteolysis and disruption of gut epithelial function

Abstract

This work raises the possibility that CGN may reduce protein and peptide bioaccessibility, disrupt normal epithelial function, promote intestinal inflammation, and consequently compromise consumer health.

Metabolic effects in mice of cream formulation: Addition of both thickener and emulsifier does not alter lipid metabolism but modulates mucus cells and intestinal endoplasmic reticulum stress

“…The type of CGN affected gastric proteolysis of food protein in the in vitro human digestion model. No significant differences were observed on Caco-2 permeability and CXCR1 expression (an inflammatory marker) with physiologically degraded κ-CGN (the type of CGN used in the present study) contrary to λ-and ι-CGN that increased these markers (Fahoum et al, 2017). Moreover, a production of tumor necrosis factor α has been observed in human monocyte with degraded ι-CGN, and 5% (wt/vol) of ι-CGN in the drinking water for 55 d causes colitis in rats (Benard et al, 2010).…”

“…Food additives such as synthetic emulsifiers were reported to induce an increased intestinal permeability due to a defective mucosal barrier (Csaki, 2011;Chassaing et al, 2015;Singh et al, 2016). Moreover, incubation of physiologically degraded CGN on Caco-2 cells (0.5, 0.05, or 0.005 mg/mL) results in tight junction dissociation and impaired epithelial cell structure (Fahoum et al, 2017). Here we analyzed the effect of cream additives on tight junctions in the intestine and on number of mucus cells.…”

“…Furthermore, the CGN type (κ-CGN, λ-CGN, and ι-CGN) must be taken into account. Indeed, Fahoum et al (2017) recently studied the effect between the various CGN types using an in vitro human digestion model and Caco-2 cells. The type of CGN affected gastric proteolysis of food protein in the in vitro human digestion model.…”

“…Regarding intestinal metabolism, a recent in vitro study has demonstrated the effect of CGN on decreased gastric proteolysis and altered gut epithelial structure and function. Carrageenan induced an alteration of epithelial barrier function, including redistribution of the tight-junction protein zonula occludens (ZO)-1, increased monolayer permeability, and elevated levels of the pro-inflammatory IL-8 receptor (Borthakur et al, 2007;Fahoum et al, 2017).…”

Processed Tissue–Derived Extracellular Matrices: Tailored Platforms Empowering Diverse Therapeutic Applications

“…This has enabled the modeling of various tissues to gain a better insight into mechanisms of human development, homeostasis, and pathogenesis, as well as into potential therapeutic strategies. For example, a traditional human small intestine model for in vitro drug permeability prediction is developed within 21 days . The utilization of small intestinal submucosa–derived hydrogel has enabled the establishment of an accelerated 7‐day model, thus significantly minimizing the invested time and resources for its development .…”