Digestion of single crystals of mannan I by an endo‐mannanase from <i>Trichoderma reesei</i>

Sabini, Elisabetta; Wilson, K.S.; Siika‐aho, Matti; Boisset, Claire; Chanzy, H.

doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01242.x

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Enzymatic degradations of single crystals of various samples have been performed. In the field of polysaccharide, single crystals of β (1→4)xylan, nigeran, and β (1→4)mannan have been subjected to degradation by xylanases, mycodextranase, and mannanases, respectively. In the field of biodegradable aliphatic polyesters, various types of extracellular PHB depolymerases have been used to study the degradation of single crystals of poly([ R ]-3-hydroxybutyrate) (P([ R ]-3HB)) − and its copolymer − as well as poly( β -propiolactone) (PPL) single crystals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and Enzymatic Degradation of Solution-Grown Single Crystals of Poly(ethylene succinate)

Iwata¹,

Doi²,

Isono³

et al. 2001

Macromolecules

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Solution-grown lamellar single crystals of poly(ethylene succinate) (PES) were prepared from a 0.025% solution of monochlorobenzene under an isothermal crystallization condition. Lozengeshaped lamellar crystals with and without spiral growth were obtained at different crystallization temperature. The crystals produced well-resolved electron diffractograms. Polyethylene decoration of the crystals resulted in a "cross-sector" surface morphology and showed that the average direction of chainfolding is parallel to the crystal growth planes. In some cases, the lamellar crystals showed spiral growths originating from screw dislocations with both left-handed and right-handed forms. Two extracellular poly-(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) depolymerases purified from Alcaligenes faecalis T1 and Pseudomonas stutzeri YM1006 were used for the enzymatic degradation of the PES lamellar crystals. Adsorption of both the extracellular PHB depolymerases onto the crystal surface was observed using immuno-gold labeling technique. The enzyme molecules were homogeneously distributed on the surface of PES lamellar crystals. When the extracellular PHB depolymerase from A. faecalis T1 was applied to a suspension of PES crystals, the turbidity of crystal suspension did not decrease. This indicated that the A. faecalis T1 depolymerase could not degrade the PES crystals even though it can adsorb onto the crystal surface. On the other hand, enzymatic hydrolysis by the extracellular PHB depolymerase from P. stutzeri YM1006 was confirmed by the decrease in turbidity. The degradation progressed from the edges of the lamellar crystals without decreasing the molecular weights and the lamellar thicknesses. The difference in enzymatic activity seems to be due to the recognition of the distance between ester bonds in molecular chain by the active site of the enzyme molecule.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and Enzymatic Degradation of Solution-Grown Single Crystals of Poly(ethylene succinate)

Iwata¹,

Doi²,

Isono³

et al. 2001

Macromolecules

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“…Some mannanases are able to hydrolyze not only the ␤-1,4-bond between two mannose units, but also the bond between the adjacent glucose and mannose units (24,25). Interestingly, some mannanases are able to degrade mannan crystals quite efficiently (26,27).…”

Section: Mannanasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic Depolymerization of Plant Cell Wall Hemicelluloses

Decker

Siika‐aho

Viikari

2008

Biomass Recalcitrance

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Hemicellulose is somewhat loosely defined as the non-cellulose, non-pectin polysaccharide fraction of plant cell walls. In contrast to the insoluble, highly crystalline, homogeneous, and unbranched cellulose polymer, hemicellulose is more often than not highly branched, substituted, and heterogeneous, composed of a wide variety of subunits, including sugars, sugar acids, and non-carbohydrate moieties. This complex structure distinguishes the hemicelluloses from other plant cell wall polysaccharides, rendering them soluble, hygroscopic, and highly cross-linked to a variety of other plant cell wall components. Hemicelluloses are reported to be linked to lignin through cinnamate acid ester linkages, to cellulose through interchain hydrogen bonding, and to other hemicelluloses via covalent and hydrogen bonds. Though pectins have properties similar to hemicellulose, they are distinguished from the hemicelluloses by being more acidic, having longer side chains, more numerous branches, and by their lack of covalent cross-links to other cell wall components. In a general sense, hemicellulose and pectin have similar water retaining functions while differing in their cross-linking abilities. Lignin, the third major component of plant cell walls, is a large, three-dimensional polymer of various phenylpropanoid derivatives. While cellulose provides structural support and hemicelluloses cross-link and retain water, lignin acts as the overall binder, filling in gaps and providing adhesion between the various cell wall components.The structural and compositional heterogeneity of hemicellulose spans across plant families, cell types, and even cell wall subsections. It is well established that different plant families have different ratios of the various hemicelluloses. Herbaceous plants contain mainly xylans, especially arabinoxylan, while hardwood xylans are predominantly glucuronoxylan. Softwoods, in contrast, are dominated by glucomannan, galactomannan, and galacto(gluco)mannan. In addition, other hemicelluloses are present in many plant cell walls, including xyloglucan and ␤-glucans (both 1→3, 1→4 and mixed 1→3, 1→4 linkages). Different hemicelluloses may occur in specific plants or as specific storage polysaccharides. Though often cited in the literature as a result of destructive compositional analysis, arabinan, galactan, and mannan occur relatively infrequently in a linear, unbranched form Biomass Recalcitrance: Deconstructing the Plant Cell Wall for Bioenergy. Edited by Michael. E. Himmel

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“…The aim of the present study, which follows an earlier preliminary report, was to gain more information on the mode of action of mannan-degrading enzymes on crystalline mannan. For this purpose, mannan crystals were digested by the enzymes and the samples were analyzed for release of reducing sugars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Degradation of Mannan I and II Crystals by Fungalendo-β-1,4-Mannanases and a β-1,4-Mannosidase Studied with Transmission Electron Microscopy

et al. 2001

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We have used the endo-beta-1,4-mannanase from Trichoderma reesei (Tr Man5A), the endo-beta-1,4-mannanase from Aspergillus niger (An Man5A) and the exo-beta-1,4-mannosidase from A. niger (An Mnd2A) to follow the enzymatic degradation of mannan I and II crystals. The degradation process was studied by transmission electron microscopy and also followed by analysis of the released soluble reducing sugars. The mannan crystals were degraded by the endo-beta-1,4-mannanases and to a lesser extent by the exo-beta-1,4-mannosidase. The observed hydrolysis pattern on mannan I crystals is fully consistent with the current view of the molecular structure of these crystals. The molecular organization of the mannan chains in mannan II crystals is less clear and the digestion results give some further information about the ultrastructure of mannan II. In addition, insight is provided into the mode of the enzymatic attack on the crystals of mannan I and mannan II.

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Digestion of single crystals of mannan I by an endo‐mannanase from Trichoderma reesei

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

Morphology and Enzymatic Degradation of Solution-Grown Single Crystals of Poly(ethylene succinate)

Morphology and Enzymatic Degradation of Solution-Grown Single Crystals of Poly(ethylene succinate)

Enzymatic Depolymerization of Plant Cell Wall Hemicelluloses

Degradation of Mannan I and II Crystals by Fungalendo-β-1,4-Mannanases and a β-1,4-Mannosidase Studied with Transmission Electron Microscopy

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