Digestion of mucin polysaccharides in vitro by bacteria isolated from the rabbit cecum

Hill, R.R.H.

doi:10.1007/bf01568414

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Mucin is a glycoprotein, present in saliva, gastric juice and intestinal juice. Pig gastric mucin contains 77% of carbohydrates and 21% of protein (Hill 1986). Holmes et al (1974) were probably the first authors who reported that in pigs large amounts of mucin were fermented in the large intestine.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen and in vitro Fermentation of Nitrogenous Substrates in Caecal Contents of the Pig

Marounek¹,

Adamec²,

Skřivanová³

et al. 2002

Acta Vet. Brno

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Caecal contents of four 28-week-old pigs were analysed and used as inocula of cultures supplied with plant proteins (gluten, gliadin, zein), mucin, ribonucleic acid (RNA) and glucose. Pigs were fed ad libitum a 14.1% crude protein diet containing barley, wheat, wheat bran, extracted soybean meal and a feed supplement. The caecal digesta contained dry matter, total N, protein, trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-soluble N and NH3-N at 120, 3.1, 14.9, 0.64 and 0.27 mg/g (on average), respectively. One g of the caecal content contained 70 µmol of glycine equivalents of amino acids in TCA-soluble fraction. Peptides rather than amino acids were the primary component of the TCA-soluble ninhydrin-reactive material in the caecum.Fermentation of mucin yielded more volatile fatty acids (VFA) than fermentation of other nitrogenous substrates. Zein was the least fermentable substrate tested. Acetate was the principal fermentation end-product, followed by propionate and butyrate. Fermentation pattern differed in cultures grown on glucose and proteins: propionate molar proportions were higher and those of branched-chain VFA lower in former cultures than in cultures supplied with gluten, gliadin and zein. Low proportions of branched-chain VFA were also in VFA produced from mucin and RNA. It can be concluded, therefore, that caecal microorganisms convert nitrogenous substrates, which would be lost in faeces, into valuable products (VFA), utilizable by the host. Pig, caecum, nitrogenous substances, protein, fermentation, in vitro, microbial metabolitesIn pigs, most nutrients are released from the feed by action of endogenous enzymes, and absorbed in the small intestine. In the lower ileum, caecum and colon, an intensive microbial degradation of available nutrients takes place. A significant portion of the digestible energy thus could be ingested post-ileally, depending on the composition of pig the diet . In growing pigs, the hindgut fermentation contributed up to 15% to the total digestion of the organic matter, whereas this level can reach 50% in sows (reviewed by Drochner 1993). Microorganisms in the hindgut convert polysaccharides and nitrogenous substances into a mixture of metabolites and compounds of bacterial cells. Nitrogenous substances entering the hindgut are undegraded dietary proteins, i.e. plant proteins of low solubility (prolamins and glutelins), and proteins of endogenous origin, i.e. enzymes and mucin secretions, and cell desquamation products. Ileal solids contained 16.1 and 20.2 % of crude protein (N x 6.25) in pigs on a high-fibre diet with wheat bran, and on a low-fibre diet, respectively (Knudsen and Canibe 2000). Additional N sources in the hindgut are proteins and nucleic acids released from lysed bacterial cells. As shown by Dierick et al. (1990), the bacterial growth efficiency in pig hindgut is rather low: on average 13.6 g bacterial N was excreted in the faeces per kg of organic matter apparently digested in the hindgut. Corresponding values in the rumen

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen and in vitro Fermentation of Nitrogenous Substrates in Caecal Contents of the Pig

Marounek¹,

Adamec²,

Skřivanová³

et al. 2002

Acta Vet. Brno

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“…Bacteroides, a significant genus in humans and rabbits, seems to have mucinolytic properties (Hill, 1986;Marounek et al, 2000;Sirotek et al, 2003). In humans, B. thetaiotaomicron also has mucinolytic capacity.…”

Section: The Mucosal Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

New trends in rabbit feeding: influence of nutrition on intestinal health. A review

Carabaño¹,

Badiola²,

Chamorro³

et al. 2013

Span. j. agric. res.

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The role of gut barrier against pathogens and its interaction with dietary factors in weaned rabbits affected with digestive disorders, especially epizootic rabbit enteropathy is reviewed. This interaction was studied identifying nutritive factors that influence gut barrier function of mucosa. It was examined the morphology, and enzyme activity of mucosa and the gut associated immune system. Besides, it was characterized the substrate that reaches the caecum and its capacity to favour pathogen bacteria growth, by reviewing the effect of diet on ileal digestibility of nutrients, transit time and microbiota population. The nutritional factors which affect health of early weaned rabbits are level and type of both fibre and protein. The optimal dietary level of insoluble fibre to minimise mortality is 30-32%. Furthermore, a moderate inclusion of soluble fibre (12%) improves mucosa integrity and decreases mortality and the frequency of detection of Clostridium perfringens and Campylobacter spp in the caecum. The reduction of ileal nitrogen flow had a positive effect on pups viability and frequency of detection of C. perfringens. Furthermore, dietary supplementation with 1% of glutamine reduced fattening mortality, the frequency of detection of C. perfringens, and Helicobacter spp, and diminished the counts of Eimeria spp at the jejunum. In conclusion, a correct diet formulation may help to limit the epizootic rabbit enteropathy incidence in weaned rabbits.Additional key words: fibre, gut barrier function, protein, weaning, young rabbits. ResumenRevisión. Nuevas tendencias en alimentación de conejos. Efecto de la nutrición sobre la salud intestinal En este trabajo se revisa el papel de la barrera intestinal frente a patógenos y su interacción con factores de la dieta en gazapos destetados afectados por enteropatía epizoótica. Para ello, se identificaron los factores nutritivos que influyen en la funcionalidad de la barrera intestinal de la mucosa digestiva (morfología, actividad enzimática y actividad del sistema inmune asociado a la mucosa). Además, se ha caracterizado el sustrato alimenticio que alcanza el ciego y su capacidad para favorecer el crecimiento de bacterias patógenas, revisando el efecto de la dieta sobre la digestibilidad ileal de nutrientes, el tránsito digestivo y el tipo de flora intestinal. Los factores nutricionales involucrados incluyen nivel y tipo de fibra y proteína. El contenido óptimo de fibra insoluble en el pienso para minimizar la mortalidad es un 30-32%. Además, una inclusión moderada de fibra soluble (12%) mejoró la integridad de la mucosa y redujo la mortalidad y la frecuencia de detección de Clostridium perfringens y de Campylobacter spp en el ciego. Un descenso del flujo ileal de nitrógeno tuvo también un efecto positivo sobre la viabilidad de los gazapos y la frecuencia de detección de C. perfringens. La suplementación del pienso con un 1% de glutamina redujo la mortalidad en cebo y la frecuencia de detección de C. perfringens y Helicobacter spp, y disminuyó los conteos de Ei...

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“…Some of the most frequent isolated caecal bacteria (Bacteriodes spp.) are the most active genera in mucin digestion (Hill, 1986;Sirotek et al, 2003). Also, Emaldi et al (1979) observed that the main activities of caecal microbiota were in decreasing order: ammonia-user, ureolytic, proteolytic and cellulolytic.…”

Section: The Role Of Nitrogen In Microbial Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

New concepts and objectives for protein-amino acid nutrition in rabbits: a review.

Carabaño¹,

M.J.²,

García³

et al. 2010

World rabbit sci.

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ABSTRACT:In the European context, the new legislation to avoid mineral contamination and the ban on antibiotics as growth promoters has led to the defi nition of new objectives in respect of nitrogen supply. The present study summarizes the state of nitrogen nutrition in rabbits and reviews the role of protein and amino acids in rabbit health and the new nitrogen value of protein sources based on true ileal digestibility (TID) for future recommendations. The main sources of nitrogen for microbial growth are ammonia, urea and protein (endogenous and dietary). The surplus of nitrogen fl ow to the caecum increases mortality rates during fattening by favouring the growth of potential pathogenic bacteria. Accordingly, feeding strategies to reduce ileal nitrogen fl ow have been reviewed. A large reduction of dietary protein level might have negative consequences on growth performances and mortality. In order to formulate balanced lowprotein diets, data on ileal and faecal amino acid digestibility of 14 raw materials is summarized. The use of this different unit for amino acid digestibility is also discussed.

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Digestion of mucin polysaccharides in vitro by bacteria isolated from the rabbit cecum

Cited by 15 publications

References 16 publications

Nitrogen and in vitro Fermentation of Nitrogenous Substrates in Caecal Contents of the Pig

Nitrogen and in vitro Fermentation of Nitrogenous Substrates in Caecal Contents of the Pig

New trends in rabbit feeding: influence of nutrition on intestinal health. A review

New concepts and objectives for protein-amino acid nutrition in rabbits: a review.

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