Digestion of brown algae and the distribution of nutrients in the purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Boolootian, Richard A.; Lasker, Reuben

doi:10.1016/0010-406x(64)90109-4

Cited by 52 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Conversely, ADC values were similar to those reported by Boolootian and Lasker () and Azad et al. () in S. purpuratus , who recorded digestibility rates of 80%, and by Cuesta‐Gomez and Sánchez‐Saavedra (), who observed ADC values of over 73% in diets that contained between 17% and 23% protein and 50% to 58% carbohydrates.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Effects of Dietary Protein and Carbohydrate Levels on Gonad Index, Composition, and Color in the Purple Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Cuesta‐Gomez¹,

Sánchez‐Saavedra²

2018

N American J Aquac

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Understanding the nutritional requirements of the purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus is essential for producing suitable formulated diets and promoting its aquaculture in Mexico. Protein and carbohydrates are required components for gonad growth in sea urchins, yet their levels and effects on gonad composition and color have not been determined for this species. The effects of dietary protein and carbohydrates on gonad index, consumption, proximate content, and color were investigated in S. purpuratus in a 12-week experiment, from April to June 2015. Sea urchins were collected from Arbolitos Bay in Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico, and fed diets that contained three protein levels (300, 230, and 170 g/kg) and two carbohydrate levels (420 and 500 g/kg). All diets significantly increased gonad index, but individuals that were fed a diet with 300 g/kg of protein and 500 g/kg of carbohydrate had the highest gonad index. Dietary protein had a significant effect on lipid storage, whereas protein and nitrogenfree extract storage had no significant relationship with dietary protein or carbohydrate. Differences between gonad color and the standard color cards indicated that S. purpuratus gonads tended to be closer to an orange-yellow color. This study indicates that S. purpuratus will have increased gonad index values at all protein and carbohydrate quantities that were tested in this study. However, gonad coloration is more suitable with a diet containing 230 g/kg of protein and 500 g/kg of carbohydrates.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Effects of Dietary Protein and Carbohydrate Levels on Gonad Index, Composition, and Color in the Purple Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Cuesta‐Gomez¹,

Sánchez‐Saavedra²

2018

N American J Aquac

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This multiplication of different bioactive molecules suggests the need for high PHNQ diversity and again suggests a strong ecological role in the fitness of sea urchins [38]. The second major difference between body compartments is the huge concentration of PHNQ in the digestive system, as confirmed by microscopy in the literature [39]. However, the quantity of PHNQ being relative to dried body compartment, the test/spines concentration is misrepresented due to the importance of the mineral fraction of the sea urchin skeleton.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Identification and quantification of spinochromes in body compartments of Echinometra mathaei ’s coloured types

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sea urchin pigmentation is mainly due to polyhydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinones called spinochromes. If their molecular structures are well known in test and spines of many species, their abundance and distribution in other body compartments remain unstudied. The aim of this study is to analyse the pigment composition in four body compartments (test/spines, digestive system, gonads and coelomic fluid) of four coloured types of the sea urchin Echinometra mathaei. Qualitative and quantitative measurements by mass spectrometry highlight the existence of 13 different pigments; among which are five isomers of known spinochromes as well as three potentially new ones. The composition comparison shows the largest spinochrome diversity in ‘test/spines’ body compartments. The spinochrome concentrations vary from 48 to 1279 mg kg−1 of dried body compartment. It is the highest in the digestive system, although it is also important in the organic fraction of the ‘test/spines’ body compartment. This observation may be explained by higher exposures of some body compartments to external environments and by the protective role fulfilled by spinochromes against microorganisms, ultraviolet radiation and reactive oxygen species. The ‘black’ type—the most common coloured type in coral reefs—has the highest concentration of spinochromes indicating their importance in Echinoids' fitness by acting as a protective agent.

show abstract

“…One of our aims was to determine whether S. purpuratus actively digests formulated diets. Boolootian and Lasker () concluded that S. purpuratus digests the brown algae M. pyrifera (usual diet) with high efficiency (averaging 80%) and suggested this falls to below 50% when S. purpuratus is fed an unusual diet. In our study, ADC values were positive, peaking in urchins that were fed MP–MC (75%), approximating values when urchins are fed M. pyrifera .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of protein and carbohydrate levels on survival, consumption and gonad index in adult sea urchinStrongylocentrotus purpuratus(Stimpson 1857) from Baja California, Mexico

Cuesta‐Gomez

Sánchez‐Saavedra

2016

Aquac Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A greater understanding of dietary protein and carbohydrate levels with regard to gonad production in Strongylocentrotus purpuratus would increase our nutritional knowledge of this sea urchin and guide the development of formulated diets for such aquaculture target species. A total of 255 purple sea urchins were captured from Ensenada Bay, Mexico, and maintained in 200-L tanks for 9 weeks. Formulated diets that contained 30%, 26%, 23%, 20% and 17% of protein and 42%, 46%, 50%, 54% and 58% carbohydrates were offered ad libitum. Survival was affected by diets; urchins that were fed high-protein-low-carbohydrate diet experienced decreased survival. No significant differences were found in gonad index, but gonad production efficiency was lower in urchins that were fed a medium-low-protein-medium-high-carbohydrate diet. Urchins that were fed high carbohydrate levels utilized protein more efficiently and showed better digestibility of the diet and protein. These data suggest that all of our diets support gonad growth, but in terms of consumption, a diet that contains protein levels of 17% and 23% with carbohydrate levels of 50% and 58% are beneficial for S. purpuratus.

show abstract

Digestion of brown algae and the distribution of nutrients in the purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Cited by 52 publications

References 11 publications

Effects of Dietary Protein and Carbohydrate Levels on Gonad Index, Composition, and Color in the Purple Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Effects of Dietary Protein and Carbohydrate Levels on Gonad Index, Composition, and Color in the Purple Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Identification and quantification of spinochromes in body compartments of Echinometra mathaei ’s coloured types

Effects of protein and carbohydrate levels on survival, consumption and gonad index in adult sea urchinStrongylocentrotus purpuratus(Stimpson 1857) from Baja California, Mexico

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About