Digestion and lymphatic transport of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids given in the form of triacylglycerol, free acid and ethyl ester in rats

Ikeda, Ikuo; Sasaki, Eiji; Yasunami, Haruko; Nomiyama, Shuji; Nakayama, M; Sugano, Michihiro; Imaizumi, Kazunori; Yazawa, Kazunaga

doi:10.1016/0005-2760(95)00180-8

Cited by 100 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…1). It has been previously demonstrated that trielaidin (9t C18:1) is absorbed equally as well as triolein (9c C18:1) [15], which has been recovered in lymph chylomicrons at levels of 100% of triacylglycerol fed [16], suggesting that the configuration of the double bond does not affect absorption. Although there were small background amounts of some of these trans isomers in the lipoproteins (probably due to regular dietary consumption of dairy products, as well as products containing hydrogenated vegetable oils such as margarines), the average change in these isomers over time did not vary significantly between meals containing the CLA as There were large inter-individual variations in both the time of maximum concentration and the area under the curve for all of the fatty acids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Relative absorption of conjugated linoleic acid as triacylglycerol, free fatty acid and ethyl ester in a functional food matrix

Fernie¹,

Dupont

Scruel

et al. 2004

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Relative absorption of conjugated linoleic acid as triacylglycerol, free fatty acid and ethyl ester in a functional food matrixConjugated linoleic acid (CLA) shows potential benefits in a number of medical conditions, making it a possible target for incorporation into a functional food. Until recently, clinical trials were conducted with various mixtures of CLA isomers, encapsulated as the free acid. The purpose of this study was to examine a mixture of two specific CLA isomers (9c,11t and 10t,12c), incorporated into a functional food either as triacylglycerol, free fatty acid or fatty acid ethyl ester. Differences in absorption between the lipid forms and between the isomers were investigated. The palatability of the different functional-food formulations was also studied. Significantly less CLA was absorbed into chylomicrons over six hours when fed as fatty acid ethyl ester than when either the triacylglycerol or free fatty acid forms were fed. Further work is recommended, to examine fatty acid ethyl ester absorption over longer periods of time. Most subjects reported that the fatty acid formulation had poor taste characteristics. We conclude that CLA as triacylglycerol is the most suitable form for incorporation into a functional food and that the 9c,11t and 10t,12c CLA isomers are absorbed similarly into chylomicrons.Keywords: Absorption, CLA, functional food, triacylglycerol, ethyl ester. IntroductionConjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is the collective name given to C18 fatty acid positional and geometric isomers, containing two conjugated double bonds. CLA is a minor component of dairy and ruminant fats and is also a product of autoxidation and partial hydrogenation of polyunsaturated fats. There is increasing interest in CLA, as in animal trials it has shown potentially beneficial effects on a number of medical conditions, including cancer and diabetes, as well as altered body composition. The results from human studies are less conclusive [1] but its potential as the active component of a functional food is being explored [2,3].A major difference between a functional food and a pharmaceutical is that, although both must provide the active ingredient in a form that ensures a reasonable level of uptake, the functional food has also to be appealing to the consumer for long-term consumption as part of the daily diet. Most of the previous human studies have used CLA as the free acid, usually in capsules, containing a variety of isomeric mixtures, since this was the only material that was readily available. However, the increased interest in CLA has led to the production of CLA with excellent isomeric purity [4], both as free acid and more recently as triacylglycerol.The FunCLA project (funded by EU grant QLK1-CT99-00076) was set up to apply a functional food approach to examining two specific CLA isomers, with regard to their individual effects on body composition, diabetes, metabolic parameters and hyperlipidaemia in humans. The object of the first part of the project was to examine the absorption of a mixture co...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Relative absorption of conjugated linoleic acid as triacylglycerol, free fatty acid and ethyl ester in a functional food matrix

Fernie¹,

Dupont

Scruel

et al. 2004

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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“…Although, the pancreatic lipase attacks both 1 and 3 positions of TG, the relative rates of hydrolysis depend on the molecular structure of fatty acids in the TG molecules [Jensen et al, 1995]. In general, over short periods of time, the enzyme discriminates against long-chain fatty acids [Yang et al, 1990;Ikeda et al, 1995]. As a result, the longer-chain fatty acids (chains longer than C20) are released more slowly than the more common C16 and C18 fatty acids.…”

Section: Digestionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat and Fatty Acid Terminology, Methods of Analysis and Fat Digestion and Metabolism: A Background Review Paper

Ratnayake

Galli²

2009

Ann Nutr Metab

279

225

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“…The chylomicrons are secreted into the lymphatic system and carried by the thoracic lymphatic duct to the vena cava where they enter the circulation. Several researches were trying to demonstrate the mechanism of lipid absorption and transport using thoracic duct cannulation technique in rats (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The previous reported suggested (12,(34)(35)(36) that the molecular form affect absorbing rate in short time (6 or 12hr) not the overall amounts lipid absorption. The authors fed mice 4-DHA diets for 4 weeks to assess effect of molecular form on lipid absorption.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of Molecular Forms on Distribution of Docosahexaenoic Acid into Organs in Mice.

et al. 2003

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Digestion and lymphatic transport of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids given in the form of triacylglycerol, free acid and ethyl ester in rats

Cited by 100 publications

References 28 publications

Relative absorption of conjugated linoleic acid as triacylglycerol, free fatty acid and ethyl ester in a functional food matrix

Relative absorption of conjugated linoleic acid as triacylglycerol, free fatty acid and ethyl ester in a functional food matrix

Fat and Fatty Acid Terminology, Methods of Analysis and Fat Digestion and Metabolism: A Background Review Paper

Effect of Molecular Forms on Distribution of Docosahexaenoic Acid into Organs in Mice.

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