Digestibility of Nitrogen and Amino Acids in Soybean Products for Pigs

Rudolph, B.; Boggs, Lynne S.; Knabe, D. A.; Tanksley, T. D.; Anderson, Sheila A.

doi:10.2527/jas1983.572373x

Cited by 44 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…It is known that small intestine is the site where most nutrients are digested and absorbed (Rivest et al 2000) and colon and caecum are less important (Rudolph et al 1983). Thus sodium butyrate affecting intestine development may also improve nutrient absorption, especially in jejunum (Kotunia et al 2004;Molino et al 2012), and in consequence piglet performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary glutamine, glucose and/or sodium butyrate on piglet growth, intestinal environment, subsequent fattener performance, and meat quality

Hańczakowska

Niwińska

Grela³

et al. 2014

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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ABSTRACT:The effect of feed supplementing with glutamine, glucose and/or sodium butyrate was estimated on 156 piglets. The after-effect of supplements on fattener performance, carcass traits, and meat quality was examined. Piglets were allocated to 5 groups and fed standard feed mixture alone (control -C) or supplemented with 10 g of l-glutamine, or 10 g of glucose, or 3 g of sodium butyrate per kg of diet or all of these compounds (groups GT, GC, SB, and GT+GC+SB, respectively). Six piglets from each group were slaughtered at 63 days of age, their intestines were prepared and their parts measured. Digesta from ileum and caecum was taken for analysis. Its acidity and volatile fatty acids content were evaluated. Morphological structure of duodenal and ileal epithelium was estimated. After 84 days of age 20 animals from each group were fed the standard mixture. After 100 days of fattening 8 pigs from each group were slaughtered, pH of meat was measured, and samples of the longissimus muscle were taken for analysis. Body weight gains of piglets fed diets supplemented with SB or all supplements were higher than those of controls. All supplements given together increased total intestinal weight and length. Epithelial villi in jejunum were the highest in piglets receiving all supplements. Their height in the duodenum ranged from 296 to 347 µm and in the jejunum they were higher: 336 -424 μm. After 100 days of fattening body weight of all experimental animals was higher than that of control. There was no significant difference in carcass and meat quality. Sodium butyrate added to the diet improved piglet performance probably due to changes in intestine development and in intestinal epithelium structure. This positive effect was enhanced to some extent by the addition of glutamine or glucose.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary glutamine, glucose and/or sodium butyrate on piglet growth, intestinal environment, subsequent fattener performance, and meat quality

Hańczakowska

Niwińska

Grela³

et al. 2014

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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“…Confirmation can be found in the results of Chae et al (1984). The work of Bielorai et al (1985) (Buraczewska and Buraczewski 1985) and synthesize (Deguchi et al 1978) AA and even alter the rates of mucosal cell proliferation and shedding (Abrams et al 1963;Khoury et al' 1969 (Dierick et al 1978(Dierick et al , 1986a Confirmation may be found in many reports (Sauer et al 1977bJust et al 1980Rudolph et al 1983). gesting that amino acid absorption is trivial (Zebrowska 1973(Zebrowska , 1975 (Zebrowska et al 1978c).…”

Section: Sibbald -Bioavailable Amino Acid Estimation 251mentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Evidence of this type has led to suggestions that nitrogen absorbed from the hindgut does little to improve the nitrogen status of the animal (Rudolph et al 1983;Mason 1984) but the evidence is not conclusive. For example, Gargallo and Zimmerman (1981) Sauer 1981, 1982;Ahrens and Kaufmann 1985).…”

Section: Sibbald -Bioavailable Amino Acid Estimation 251mentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Bioavailable Amino Acids in Feedingstuffs for Poultry and Pigs: A Review With Emphasis on Balance Experiments

Sibbald¹

1987

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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A bioavailable nutrient has the potential to be utilized when ingested. Ideally, the nutrient requirements of animals and the nutrient concentrations of feedingstuffs should be expressed in terms of bioavailable units. Bioavailability is an abstract concept which cannot be measured but it can be estimated. The purpose of this review is to describe, evaluate and compare procedures used to estimate the concentrations of bioavailable amino acids (BAA) in feedingstuffs for pigs and poultry. Accurate and precise measurement of total amino acid (AA) concentrations is of fundamental importance to many assays. Problems are encountered both in making the AA available for measurement (hydrolysis) and in the measurement procedures. There is need for standardization of methodology but until this is achieved caution must be exercised when comparing data obtained by different techniques or even from different laboratories. In vitro assays for BAA are relatively fast and can be made without access to animals. Enzymic digestion has the potential to be a good estimator of BAA but is constrained by a lack of information about the bioavailabilities of the peptides which are liberated. Chemical assays and dye binding produce data which sometimes, but not always, correlate with biological estimates of BAA. The future of such assays seems to be in quality control where comparisons are made among samples within ingredients. Among the indirect biological assays, those based on microbial growth have received the most attention. The major weakness of such assays resides in the difference between animal and microbe in the ability to utilize peptides. Plasma free amino acids are not satisfactory estimators of BAA although they can help to identify limiting AA in feedingstuffs. Nitrogen digestion lacks the sensitivity to be a predictor of BAA. Growth assays are thought by many to be the ultimate measure of bioavailability but in fact they measure utility which is not the same. Nevertheless, growth assays can provide valuable estimates of BAA providing that their limitations are understood. The assays are expensive and slow and the results can be affected by many variables including changes in nutrient concentrations when a test material is added to an assay diet. Much of the review is devoted to balance experiments which require great care and attention to detail if reliable, reproducible data are to be obtained. Procedures have been refined during many years of use and with the advent of new equipment and techniques. Concern is currently focussed on corrections for metabolic and endogenous losses and on the effects of the microflora of the alimentary tract. Recent developments have increased assay efficiency, particularly with poultry. The balance experiment provides BAA estimates, that can be used effectively in diet formulation, at a much faster rate than growth assays. The final section of the review makes comparisons among various methods of estimating BAA. Interspecies comparisons are useful because they provide guidance when attempting to apply data derived with one species to formulate diets for another. The search for a single assay which provides data applicable to several species is a worthwhile objective. In the meantime, there are many assays used to estimate BAA which have specific applications and limitations. Key words: Pigs, poultry, amino acids, assay methodology, feedingstuffs, review

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“…Of the different processes to commercially heat FFSB, the extrusion process has been shown to effectively reduce trypsin inhibitor levels and to result in high nutrient digestibilities (Marty and Chavez 1993). In addition to the effect of heat treatment on nutrient digestibility there is evidence (Herkelman et al 1992) that the cultivar of soybean can influence nutrient digestibility and in particular amino acid digestibilities in pigs. The differences among soybean cultivars in ileal amino acid digestibilities observed by Herkelman et al (1992) (Emerson 1975 (Sauer et al 1982;Rudolph et al 1983). The loss of CP in the large intestine is the direct result of hydrolysis of nitrogenous compounds by hindgut microorganisms and the absorption of the produced nitrogen as ammonia, amines or amides (Low 1990).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Apparent digestibility of protein and amino acids at the distal ileum and of protein and energy over the whole tract in several extruded soybean cultivars for pigs

Marty¹,

Chávez²

1994

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 1994. Apparent digestibility of protein and amino acids at the distal ileum and of protein and energy over the whole tract in seveial extruded soybean cultivars for pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 74: 675-6'78. Three soybean cultivars (Maple Arrow, Maple Belle, and Maple Glen) commonly grown in the province of Quebec were heat processed by a single-scr"* dry "*t*rion pio""r.. These soybean products were mixed into cornstarch-based

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Digestibility of Nitrogen and Amino Acids in Soybean Products for Pigs

Cited by 44 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of dietary glutamine, glucose and/or sodium butyrate on piglet growth, intestinal environment, subsequent fattener performance, and meat quality

Effect of dietary glutamine, glucose and/or sodium butyrate on piglet growth, intestinal environment, subsequent fattener performance, and meat quality

Estimation of Bioavailable Amino Acids in Feedingstuffs for Poultry and Pigs: A Review With Emphasis on Balance Experiments

Apparent digestibility of protein and amino acids at the distal ileum and of protein and energy over the whole tract in several extruded soybean cultivars for pigs

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