Digestibility of Forages In Vitro as Affected by Content of “Silica”2

Smith, G. S.; Nelson, A. B.; Boggino, Eloy J. A.

doi:10.2527/jas1971.332466x

Cited by 53 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Although some groups of insects that feed on grasses are diverse, these are mainly sap sucking (Dietrich et al 1997), and there are very few cases of insects grazing on grasses. It is known that silica content wears out the mandibles of lepidopteran larvae (Dravé & Laugé 1978) and silica ingestion impairs absorption of nitrogen, affecting growth and fitness ( Van Soest & Jones 1968;Smith et al 1971;Massey et al 2006). Larvae of satyrine butterflies are all external grazers of their host plants, and most species feed exclusively on grasses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prehistorical climate change increased diversification of a group of butterflies

2008

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Satyrinae butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and grasses (Poaceae) are very diverse and distributed worldwide. Most Satyrinae use grasses as host plants, but the temporal scale of this tight association is not known. Here, we present a phylogenetic study of Satyrinae butterflies and related groups, based on 5.1 kilobases from six gene regions and 238 morphological characters for all major lineages in the ‘satyrine clade’. Estimates of divergence times calibrated using a fossil from the Late Oligocene indicate that the species-rich tribe Satyrini diversified to its current 2200 species simultaneously with the expansion and radiation of grasses during the dramatic cooling and drying up of the Earth in the Oligocene. We suggest that the adaptive radiation of grass feeders in Satyrini has been facilitated by the ubiquitousness of grasses since 25 Myr ago, which was triggered by a change in global climate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prehistorical climate change increased diversification of a group of butterflies

2008

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“…In conflict with these reports, Smith, Nelson, and Boggino (1971) (Deinum, I966;Grant, 1973;Johnson, Hardison, and Castillo, 1967a;Johnson et al, 1967b;Moore and Kott, 1973 )• High light intensity was found to increase CVJC, while low light intensity resulted in higher CP, CF, ash, and N, in ryegrass and Brachiaria ruziziensis, a tropical species (Deinum, I966).…”

Section: Silicacontrasting

confidence: 39%

“…When a factor of 3.0 is used for silica correction (Goering and Van Soest, 1970), silica is the most limiting factor. When a factor of 1.0 is used (Smith et al, 1971). lignin becomes the most important factor in limiting digestibility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of carbohydrate reserves, yield and quality in three tropical grasses

Bernal¹

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“…When these herbivores were forced to eat high-silica grasses, they also grew more slowly than when fed on low-silica grass. Smith et al (1971) reported that silica within cell walls may reduce the digestibility of leaves by preventing access to carbohydrates and nitrogen during digestion. Quarles (1992) summarised mode of action of both silica gel and DE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Towards using of new and safety material against tomato leafminer,Tuta absoluta(Mayrick)

Ragaei

Sabry

EL-Rafei

2013

Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection

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New silica formulations offer expanded possibilities for use in horticultural crops. However, many crop pests are found on the leaf underside, and this is especially challenging when using silica because the substance must have direct contact with the insect to be effective. Silica a new and safety material was used against the second instar larvae of tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Mayrick) alone and combined with other pesticides (chlorfenapyr, spinetoram and chlorantraniliprole). The results showed that when silica was used alone, the percents of mortalities were 51.7, 26.7 and 13.3%. The results showed also chlorantraniliprole was the most toxic compared with the other compounds. The per cents of mortalities were 90, 65 and 30% with the first, second and third concentrations, respectively. When silica was used in a combination with the tested pesticides, the mixture of silica and chlorfenapyr was the most toxic against the second instar larvae of T. absoluta, the percents of mortalities were 100, 76.7 and 60% with the first, second and third concentrations, respectively. The results recommended that silica was moderate toxic to the second instar larvae of T. absoluta when it used alone, so it can be used when this pest under the economic threshold or with integrated pest management programme. Silica has an activation action on the tested pesticides. Although silica was combined with one-fifth of the field rate of the tested pesticides, the toxicity of these pesticides was increased.

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Digestibility of Forages In Vitro as Affected by Content of “Silica”2

Cited by 53 publications

References 7 publications

Prehistorical climate change increased diversification of a group of butterflies

Prehistorical climate change increased diversification of a group of butterflies

Evaluation of carbohydrate reserves, yield and quality in three tropical grasses

Towards using of new and safety material against tomato leafminer,Tuta absoluta(Mayrick)

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