Digestibility of defense proteins in latex of milkweeds by digestive proteases of Monarch butterflies, Danaus plexippus L.: A potential determinant of plant–herbivore interactions

Pereira, Danielle A.; Ramos, Márcio V.; Souza, Diogo de; Portela, Tereza C.L.; Guimaraes, J. A.; Madeira, Socorro Vanesca Frota; Freitas, Cléverson D.T.

doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.06.009

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…insects have developed chemical defenses -such as digestive proteases -against latex compounds [81] and also sequester toxic components from the exudate to reuse them later in their own defense against predators [77].…”

Section: Ecosystem Services and Global Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Laticifers and Secretory Ducts: Similarities and Differences

Prado¹,

Demarco²

2018

Ecosystem Services and Global Ecology

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During the evolution of terrestrial plants, many protective strategies have emerged, guaranteeing the survival of plants in the most varied environments. Among these strategies, we highlight the chemical defense of plants given by secretory structures, such as laticifers and secretory ducts. These glands are responsible for the production of viscous exudates that can be toxic, deterrent or repellent to herbivores, in addition to acting against microorganisms and sealing wounds. The similarities between latex and resin produced by certain ducts led several researchers to misinterpret their characteristics and generated a great number of divergences in the literature. This chapter aims to review the similarities and differences between laticifers and ducts and to demonstrate the structure, secretory activity and chemical composition of the secretion of each one, as well as the evolutionary and ecological aspects that can be associated with the high rate of survival and diversification of the plants that contain laticifers and/or ducts.Among the defensive glands, we highlight the tubular secretory systems that can form an anastomosed and branched network throughout the plant, a similarity that has generated numerous errors of identification between laticifers and resin ducts due to the production of similar secretions [6,17,25,29,31]. What are the similarities and differences between these two secretory structures? Laticifer and resin ductLaticifers and ducts can occur as single structures that often anastomose forming an interconnected network through all organs of the plant, whose viscous and mostly terpenic secretion

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Section: Ecosystem Services and Global Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Laticifers and Secretory Ducts: Similarities and Differences

Prado¹,

Demarco²

2018

Ecosystem Services and Global Ecology

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“…Azocasein was used as a non-specific substrate to measure the total proteolytic activity [15]. 50 μl of protein extract, 0.3 ml of 1% azocasein (w/v) and 650 μl of potassium phosphate buffer (pH 5.5) were incubated at 37 °C for 2 h. The reaction was stopped by adding 300 μl of 10% (w/v) trichloroacetic acid (TCA) at 4 °C for 20 min.…”

Section: Determination Of Protease Activity By Azocasein Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Salicylic acid induced cysteine protease activity during programmed cell death in tomato plants

Kovács¹,

Poór²,

Szepesi³

et al. 2016

Acta Biologica Hungarica

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The hypersensitive response (HR), a type of programmed cell death (PCD) during biotic stress is mediated by salicylic acid (SA). The aim of this work was to reveal the role of proteolysis and cysteine proteases in the execution of PCD in response of SA. Tomato plants were treated with sublethal (0.1 mM) and lethal (1 mM) SA concentrations through the root system. Treatment with 1 mM SA increased the electrolyte leakage and proteolytic activity and reduced the total protein content of roots after 6 h, while the proteolytic activity did not change in the leaves and in plants exposed to 0.1 mM SA. The expression of the papain-type cysteine protease SlCYP1, the vacuolar processing enzyme SlVPE1 and the tomato metacaspase SlMCA1 was induced within the first three hours in the leaves and after 0.5 h in the roots in the presence of 1 mM SA but the transcript levels did not increase significantly at sublethal SA. The Bax inhibitor-1 (SlBI-1), an antiapoptotic gene was over-expressed in the roots after SA treatments and it proved to be transient in the presence of sublethal SA. Protease inhibitors, SlPI2 and SlLTC were upregulated in the roots by sublethal SA but their expression remained low at 1 mM SA concentration. It is concluded that in contrast to leaves the SA-induced PCD is associated with increased proteolytic activity in the root tissues resulting from a fast up-regulation of specific cysteine proteases and down-regulation of protease inhibitors.

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“…Eight spots (21-28) that appear in pI tandem (pH 4-7) with apparent mass around 65 KDa were identiWed as having the same amino acid sequence and classiWed as a glycoside hydrolases. This protein is shown to be increased in latex of plants attacked by Monarch butterXy (Pereira et al 2010). The corresponding peptide sequence (ELFEEMLSR) of isoforms found here did not match any amino acid sequence of plant proteins deposited in databases.…”

Section: Identiwcation Of Pr-proteins In Latex Of C Proceramentioning

confidence: 59%

Laticifer proteins play a defensive role against hemibiotrophic and necrotrophic phytopathogens

Souza

Freitas

Pereira

et al. 2011

Planta

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Proteins from latex of Calotropis procera (CpLP), Plumeria rubra (PrLP), Carica candamarcensis (P1G10) and Euphorbia tirucalli (EtLP) were tested for antifungal activity against phytopathogens. CpLP and P1G10 inhibited each fungi analyzed. PrLP and EtLP did not exert inhibition. CpLP and P1G10 exhibited preferential inhibitory activity towards R. solani (IC₅₀ = 20.7 and 25.3 µg/ml, respectively). The inhibitory activity was lost after heat treatment or proteolysis, providing evidence for the involvement of proteins in the inhibitory effect. Treatment of CpLP or P1G10 with Dithiothreitol improved both, the endogenous proteolytic activity and the antifungal properties. Conversely, pre-treatment of CpLP or P1G10 with iodoacetamide drastically reduced endogenous proteolytic activities and partially abrogated antifungal activity. Similar results were observed when spores were challenged to germinate in the presence of laticifer proteins. The purified cysteine proteinase CMS2MS2 from Carica candamarcensis latex or papain (E.C. 3.4.22.2), a cysteine proteinase from latex of Carica papaya L., but not trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4) or chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1), two serine proteases, replicated the results obtained with CpLP or P1G10, thus restricting the antifungal property to latex plant cysteine proteinases. CpLP, CMS2MS2 and papain induced production of reactive oxygen species in spores of F. solani, suggesting that inhibition could be linked to oxidative stress. Proteome analysis of CpLP by 2-D electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF-TOF confirmed the existence of various pathogenic-related proteins such as chitinases, peroxidases and osmotins. The results support that laticifer proteins are part of plant defense repertoire against phytopathogenic fungi.

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Digestibility of defense proteins in latex of milkweeds by digestive proteases of Monarch butterflies, Danaus plexippus L.: A potential determinant of plant–herbivore interactions

Cited by 20 publications

References 37 publications

Laticifers and Secretory Ducts: Similarities and Differences

Laticifers and Secretory Ducts: Similarities and Differences

Salicylic acid induced cysteine protease activity during programmed cell death in tomato plants

Laticifer proteins play a defensive role against hemibiotrophic and necrotrophic phytopathogens

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