Digestibility and metabolic utilisation of diets containing chestnut tannins and their effects on growth and slaughter traits of heavy pigs

Abstract

This research aims at evaluating the effects of the dietary addition of a supplement containing 75% of chestnut tannins (CT) on growth performance, slaughter traits (Experiment 1) and on nutrient utilisation (Experiment 2) of Italian heavy pigs. Exp. 1 compared a control (C) diet with diets containing 0.15 or 0.30% of CT supplement. Forty-two barrows (91 ± 6 kg of BW) were divided into pairs and kept in 21 partially-slatted pens equipped with individual feeding (7 pens/ diet). Animals were slaughtered at a BW of 174 ± 6 kg. The CT inclusion did not modify the performance and the slaughter traits but lowered the intensity of red colour (p < .05) and brightness (p < .05) of the gastric mucosa. Exp. 2 measured digestibility of nutrients, nitrogen (N) balance and energy utilisation of a C diet compared with low protein diets containing 0 or 0.53% of CT supplement (low protein, LP and low protein plus tannins, LPT, respectively). Eighteen barrows (BW 153 ± 4 kg) were housed in 6 metabolic cages in 3 periods of 14 days, with 6 animals per diet. LPT pigs produced less urine than LP (2132 vs. 2561 g/d, p < .05) and both were lower than C (2978 g/d, p < .05). LP and LPT diets had similar digestibility (87.6 vs. 87.8% for DM, and 85.1 vs. 83.9% for CP). N and energy balance were similar among all diets (34.8, 39.0, 39.2% retained N, and 37.6, 35.7, 37.3% retained energy, for C, LP and LPT, respectively). In conclusion, tannins do not exert anti-nutritional effect at the concentrations applied. HIGHLIGHTSDietary chestnut tannin (CT) addition (at 1.5-5.3 g/kg) does not modify digestibility, metabolic use of nutrients and performance of heavy pigs. Dietary CT addition reduces urine volumes of animals with potential impact on farm slurry management. Changes of colour and hypertrophy of gastric mucosa of pigs fed CT are proxy indicators of metabolic reactions to be further investigated.

Evaluation of Dietary Administration of Chestnut and Quebracho Tannins on Growth, Serum Metabolites and Fecal Parameters of Weaned Piglets

“…The in vitro results showed that Ch/Qu in vitro digestibility was slightly but not significantly reduced compared with Ctrl diet digestibility, suggesting that the presence of Ch and Qu tannins in the diet may limit nutrient digestibility due to binding and forming stable and insoluble complexes with proteins [ 44 , 45 ].…”

Phenolic compounds as natural feed additives in poultry and swine diets: a review

“…In another recent study, dietary supplementation with combination of essential oil (cinnamaldehyde 15%, and thymol 5%) with organic acids could enhance about 13.5% average daily weigh gain and about 5.6% higher final body weigh in weaned piglets [ 53 ]. However, supplementation of chestnut tannin (750 mg tannic acid/kg DM) as phenolic compounds at 0.3% level in Italian heavy pigs could not improve any performance parameters, slaughter traits and energy or protein utilization [ 54 ].…”

A mixture of quebracho and chestnut tannins drives butyrate-producing bacteria populations shift in the gut microbiota of weaned piglets

“…Chestnut tannins significantly improved feed efficiency and growth performance when supplemented in the diet of weaned piglets [10]. Galassi et al [11] also reached the same conclusion using chestnut tannins as a dietary supplement in heavy pigs since no anti-nutritional effects were observed. However, animals might not find tannin-containing feed palatable due to its astringent taste.…”