Digesta passage in nondomestic ruminants: Separation mechanisms in ‘moose-type’ and ‘cattle-type’ species, and seemingly atypical browsers

Przybyło, Marcin; Hummel, Jürgen; Ortmann, Sylvia; Codron, Daryl; Kohlschein, Gina-Marie; Kilga, Daniela; Smithyman, Juliet; Przybyło, Urszula; Świerk, Samanta; Hammer, Sven; Hatt, Jean‐Michel; Górka, P.; Clauss, Marcus

doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.06.010

Cited by 18 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…In addition, host phylogeny and divergence time could even be predicted by gut microbiota, and it brings new insights into the potential mechanisms and interrelations between host and microorganisms (Li et al., 2017 ). Although interrelations between host species and gut microbiota are important, few studies on rare and protected ruminants (Li et al., 2019 ; Naya & Karasov, 2011 ; Przybylo et al., 2019 ; Zhao et al., 2019 ). Our findings provide new insights into changes in the microbial flora and host phylogeny and provide strategies for protection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of gut microbiota in three species belonging to different genera (Hemitragus, Pseudois, and Ovis) from the subfamily Caprinae in the absence of environmental variance

Sun

Xia

Wei

et al. 2021

Ecology and Evolution

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This study aimed to identify the effects of host species on the gut microbial flora in three species (Hemitragus jemlahicus, Pseudois nayaur, and Ovis orientalis) from the subfamily Caprinae, by excluding the impact of environment factors. We investigated the differences in intestinal flora of three species belonging to Caprinae, which were raised in identical conditions. Fecal samples were collected from tahr, mouflon, and bharal, and the V3–V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was analyzed by high‐throughput sequencing. The analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences reveals that fecal samples were mainly composed of four phyla: Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, and Proteobacteria. The most abundant phyla included Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes accounting for >90% of the bacteria, and a higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was observed in tahrs. Moreover, significant differences existed at multiple levels of classifications in the relative abundance of intestinal flora, differing greatly between species. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene indicated that mouflon is closely related to bharal, and it is inconsistent with previous reports in the species evolutionary relationships. In this study, we demonstrated that the gut microbiota in tahr had a stronger ability to absorb and store energy from the diet compared with mouflon and bharal, and the characteristics of host–microbiome interactions were not significant.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of gut microbiota in three species belonging to different genera (Hemitragus, Pseudois, and Ovis) from the subfamily Caprinae in the absence of environmental variance

Sun

Xia

Wei

et al. 2021

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Statistical models that attempt to estimate gut passage time for extinct animals, however, may struggle to determine the required traits. For example, it is clear that digestive physiology plays a key role in gut passage time for endothermic animals (Frei et al., 2015; Przybyło et al, 2019; Steuer et al., 2011). However, it is still unknown what the digestive physiology was for many species of extinct animals such as ground sloths (Suborder Folivora ; Clauss et al., 2003), of which over 80 extinct genera have been described (Faurby et al., 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many traits have been proposed to impact TT and MRT in endothermic animals including body mass (Demment & Van Soest, 1985; Warner, 1981), dry matter intake (Clauss et al., 2007; Müller et al., 2013), diet (De Cuyper et al., 2020; Murray et al., 1994), gut physiology (Robbins, 1993; Stevens & Hume, 2004), rumination (Przybyło et al, 2019; Steuer et al., 2011), volancy (Frei et al., 2015; Hilton et al., 1998), foraging strata (Jackson, 1992) and physical activity level (Beirne et al., 2019; Kleyheeg et al., 2015). Table S1 details an extensive list of traits that have been shown to impact TT and MRT.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reasoning behind the choice of allometric scaling is based on theoretical grounds as gut capacity scales linearly to body mass (BM 1.00 ) and dry matter intake to the metabolic rate (BM 0.75 ; Demment & Van Soest, 1985). But this has been refuted (see Müller et al, 2013) and crucially breaks down when individual species, or groups of closely related species, are considered (Clauss et al., 2007; De Cuyper et al., 2020; Frei et al., 2015; Jackson, 1992; Steuer et al., 2011; Pryzbylo et al, 2019; Robbins, 1993). As certain species have unique characteristics that make them disproportionately important for dispersal processes (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improved estimation of gut passage time considerably affects trait‐based dispersal models

et al. 2021

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Animals are important vectors for transporting seeds, nutrients and microbes across landscapes. However, models that quantify the magnitude of these ecosystem services across a broad range of taxa often rely on generalised mass‐based scaling parameters for gut passage time. This relationship is weak and fundamentally breaks down when considering individual species, indicating that current models may incorrectly attribute or estimate the magnitude of dispersal. We collated a large dataset of gut passage time for endothermic animals measured using undigested markers (n = 391 species). For each species, we compiled trait data, including body mass, morphology, gut physiology, diet and phylogeny. We then compared the ability of five statistical models (constant, generalised least squares, phylogenetic generalised least squares, general linear model and random forest) to estimate the time of first marker appearance (transit time; TT) and mean marker retention time (MRT) for particle and solute markers in mammals and birds separately. For mammals, we found that the inclusion of additional traits appreciably reduced the median root‐mean squared error across all markers in a leave‐one‐out cross validation. For birds, however, additional traits did not significantly improve our ability to predict gut passage time across markers. This may have occurred due to the smaller number of bird species included in our analysis or the absence of important explanatory factors such as differences in gastrointestinal morphology. Using the MRTparticle random forest model from this study, we updated two trait‐based dispersal models for seed and nutrient movement by mammals. The magnitude of dispersal in our updated predictions ranged from 66% to 176% of the original model formulation for different scenarios, highlighting the importance of gut passage time for dispersal models. Furthermore, the contribution by individual or groups of species was found sizeably altered in our updated models. Future modelling studies of dispersal by mammals, for which empirical estimates of gut passage time are absent, will benefit from predicting gut passage time using statistical models that incorporate traits including animal morphology, diet and gut physiology. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

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“…European bison can be considered mixed feeders with 68–97% of herbaceous plants in their natural diet (Gebczyńska et al, 1991 ; Kowalczyk et al, 2019 ). In some other references, the European bison are considered as grazers with 68% of grass in their natural diet (Pucek et al, 2002 ; Clauss et al, 2006 ; Przybyło et al, 2019 ). The population of rumen ciliated protozoa of grazers (e.g., cattle) is generally more diverse in comparison with typical browsers, selectors (e.g., roe deer and blue duiker), but this is not a rule (Kofoid and Christianson, 1934 ; Sládeček, 1946 ; Prins and Geelen, 1971 ; Giesecke and Gylswyk, 1975 ; Imai, 1988 ; Williams and Coleman, 1992 ; Dehority, 1994 ; Robbins et al, 1995 ; Dehority and Odenyo, 2003 ; Clauss et al, 2011 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rumen Ciliated Protozoa of the Free-Living European Bison (Bison bonasus, Linnaeus)

et al. 2021

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This study aims to perform population analysis of the rumen ciliated protozoa of the free-living European bison (wisent, Bison bonasus, Linnaeus). The samples of the rumen fluid from the 18 bison subjected to the controlled culls within the free-ranging population in the Bialowieza primeval forest in Poland were collected and examined. The examined ciliates population consisted of the species of the families Isotrichidae and Ophryoscolecidae. There were 12 genera (Isotricha, Dasytricha, Diplodinium, Elytroplastron, Entodinium, Eodinium, Epidinium, Eremoplastron, Eudiplodinium, Metadinium, Ophryoscolex, and Ostracodinium) and 32 morphospecies of the ciliates. We observed the prevalence of a type B protozoan population (56% animals) with the typical Epidinium and Eudiplodinium genera members. Other examined animals possessed the mixed A–B population with Ophryoscolex genus, distinct for type A ciliate population. The average total ciliates count was 2.77 ± 1.03 × 105/ml (mean ± SD). The most abundant genera were Entodinium, 83%, and Dasytricha, 14%. The abundance of other genera was <1% of the total count. Within the 16 Entodinium species determined, the most abundant species was Entodinium nanellum (16.3% of total ciliates count). The average Shannon–Wiener diversity index was 2.1 ± 0.39, evenness was 0.7 ± 0.11, and species richness was 24 ± 3.0 (mean ± SD). Our study is the first report on the population composition and diversity of rumen ciliates of European bison. The composition and counts of ciliate genera and species were similar to the composition and counts of the rumen ciliated protozoa of American bison and many other kinds of free-living and domestic ruminants. Our European bison ciliate population analysis has shown medium ciliate density and high diversity typical for large free-living ruminants with mixed feeding behavior.

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Digesta passage in nondomestic ruminants: Separation mechanisms in ‘moose-type’ and ‘cattle-type’ species, and seemingly atypical browsers

Cited by 18 publications

References 55 publications

Analysis of gut microbiota in three species belonging to different genera (Hemitragus, Pseudois, and Ovis) from the subfamily Caprinae in the absence of environmental variance

Analysis of gut microbiota in three species belonging to different genera (Hemitragus, Pseudois, and Ovis) from the subfamily Caprinae in the absence of environmental variance

Improved estimation of gut passage time considerably affects trait‐based dispersal models

Rumen Ciliated Protozoa of the Free-Living European Bison (Bison bonasus, Linnaeus)

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