Pediatric dentistry is the field responsible for the care and treatment of oral health in children and adolescents. Pulpotomy emerges as an important conservative technique used in the treatment of deciduous teeth affected by pulp lesions. Deciduous teeth play a crucial role in facial development, as well as serving as guides for the eruption of permanent teeth and maintaining space for proper occlusion. It is essential to preserve them when possible, avoiding the need for extraction or more invasive procedures. Pulpotomy is indicated when there is inflammation in the coronal pulp caused by caries or trauma but with preservation of radicular pulp vitality. The procedure involves the partial removal of the affected pulp, the application of medication in the cavity, and subsequent restoration, with the aim of maintaining pulp vitality, relieving pain, and preventing future complications. This research aims to analyze pulpotomy as an efficient treatment option in pediatric dentistry. The study is based on the methodology of narrative literature review. The results obtained by analyzing pulpotomy in pediatric dentistry demonstrate its effectiveness in preserving the pulp vitality, function, and aesthetics of affected deciduous teeth, with the technique providing a less traumatic treatment for children. The choice of obturating materials used in pulpotomy is a crucial aspect for the success of the treatment. Various materials, such as formocresol, calcium hydroxide, and biodentine, have been studied and applied in clinical practice. The selection of the appropriate material should take into account characteristics such as biocompatibility, non-irritation of the tooth, ease of manipulation, hermetic sealing, and mechanical resistance. Thus, when performed correctly and with the use of appropriate obturating materials, it offers an effective and safe treatment, respecting the principles of preserving dental integrity and promoting long-term oral health.
