The present work is the result of a research that aims to understand the concepts of playfulness of a science teacher who works at Youth and Adult Education/Countryside and the importance attributed to this pedagogical tool in science teaching, in a school in the field of the community of Quilombola, municipality of Feira de Santana-BA. The study was guided by the principles of the qualitative approach and the case study type, and semi-structured interviews, observation and document analysis were used to collect the information. The research indicates that the playfulness inserted in the student's school and daily context needs to overcome the character of play, constituting itself as a fundamental tool for the promotion of pedagogical proposals that arouse pleasure, contributing to the student's learning in a significant way, especially in this modality of education, composed of social actors who were excluded from formal education. In view of the analysis of the results, we found a certain contradiction between the speeches circulating in the school environment, what was observed in the classroom and what appears in the school's Political Pedagogical Project, revealing a gap between what is thought about playfulness and what is done in practice. However, it is essential to recognize that educators cannot be held responsible, when it is impossible to mediate playful practices, since they did not have access to initial or continuing training consistent with such practices.