Diffusion-weighted MRI in diffuse axonal injury of the brain

Hergan, Klaus; Schaefer, Pamela W.; Sorensen, A. Gregory; González, R. Gilberto; Huisman, Thierry A.G.M.

doi:10.1007/s00330-002-1333-2

Cited by 107 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This indicates that the type of microstructural change was different in both locations. The ADC increase in the genu may imply a larger contribution of vasogenic edema 23 in this location than in the splenium. Conventional imaging and pathologic-anatomic study have indicated that the posterior corpus callosum is more susceptible to fiber disruption than the anterior corpus callosum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Diffusion Tensor Imaging Characteristics of the Corpus Callosum in Mild, Moderate, and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

Rutgers¹,

Fillard²,

Paradot³

et al. 2008

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

195

135

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Diffusion Tensor Imaging Characteristics of the Corpus Callosum in Mild, Moderate, and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

Rutgers¹,

Fillard²,

Paradot³

et al. 2008

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

195

135

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“…The typical diffusion times used for clinical DWI are 10 -50 ms, corresponding to average molecular displacements on the order of 10 m. This microscopic spatial scale is in the same range as that of cellular dimensions. This sensitivity to cellular processes has been exploited clinically for improving the detection of acute cerebral ischemia, 4,6-10 distinguishing vasogenic from cytotoxic edema, [11][12][13][14][15][16] identifying foci of axonal shearing injury after acute head trauma, [17][18][19] characterizing cellularity in brain tumors, [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] discriminating between metastases and gliomas 22,27 and between tumor recurrence and postsurgical injury, 28 differentiating pyogenic abscesses from tumors, [29][30][31] and for the noninvasive mapping of white matter connectivity by using the diffusion tensor model, [32][33][34][35][36] among other applications.…”

Section: Theoretic Underpinnings Of Diffusion Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion Tensor MR Imaging and Fiber Tractography: Theoretic Underpinnings

Mukherjee¹,

Berman²,

Chung³

et al. 2008

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

430

312

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SUMMARY:In this article, the underlying theory of clinical diffusion MR imaging, including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and fiber tractography, is reviewed. First, a brief explanation of the basic physics of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping is provided. This is followed by an overview of the additional information that can be derived from the diffusion tensor, including diffusion anisotropy, color-encoded fiber orientation maps, and 3D fiber tractography. This article provides the requisite background for the second article in this 2-part review to appear next month, which covers the major technical factors that affect image quality in diffusion MR imaging, including the acquisition sequence, magnet field strength, gradient amplitude and slew rate, and multichannel radio-frequency coils and parallel imaging. The emphasis is on optimizing these factors for state-of-the-art DWI and DTI based on the best available evidence in the literature. Diffusion MR imaging of the brain was first adopted for use in clinical neuroradiology during the early 1990s and was found to have immediate utility for the evaluation of suspected acute ischemic stroke. Since that time, enormous strides forward in the technology of diffusion imaging have greatly improved image quality and enabled many new clinical applications. These include the diagnosis of intracranial pyogenic infections, masses, trauma, and vasogenic-versus-cytotoxic edema. Furthermore, the advent of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and fiber tractography has opened an entirely new noninvasive window on the white matter connectivity of the human brain. DTI and fiber tractography have already advanced the scientific understanding of many neurologic and psychiatric disorders and have been applied clinically for the presurgical mapping of eloquent white matter tracts before intracranial mass resections.This 2-part review explores the current state of the art for the acquisition and analysis of clinical diffusion imaging, including DTI and fiber tractography. This first article begins with an explanation of the basic physics and underlying theory of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping. This is followed by an overview of the additional information that can be derived from the diffusion tensor, including diffusion anisotropy, color-encoded fiber-orientation maps, and 3D fiber tractography. This article provides the necessary background for the second article, which focuses on the major technical factors that affect image quality in diffusion imaging, with an emphasis on optimizing these factors for state-of-the-art DWI and DTI based on the best available evidence in the literature. Theoretic Underpinnings of Diffusion ImagingBrownian Motion and Tissue Ultrastructure Diffusion, also known as "Brownian motion," refers to constant random microscopic molecular motion due to heat. At a fixed temperature, the rate of diffusion can be described by the Einstein equation 1 :where Ͻr 2 Ͼ refers...

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“…In analogy to stroke-related brain injury, DWI is increasingly investigated for its value in the evaluation of traumatic brain injury [47]. Especially in the evaluation of diffuse axonal injury (DAI), DWI may prove to be valuable (Figs.…”

Section: Clinical Application Of Diffusion-weighted Mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion-weighted imaging: basic concepts and application in cerebral stroke and head trauma

2003

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Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of the brain represents a new imaging technique that extends imaging from depiction of neuroanatomy to the level of function and physiology. DWI measures a fundamentally different physiological parameter compared with conventional MRI. Image contrast is related to differences in the diffusion rate of water molecules rather than to changes in total tissue water. DWI can reveal pathology in cases where conventional MRI remains unremarkable. DWI has proven to be highly sensitive in the early detection of acute cerebral ischemia and seems promising in the evaluation of traumatic brain injury. DWI can differentiate between lesions with decreased and increased diffusion. In addition, full-tensor DWI can evaluate the microscopic architecture of the brain, in particular white matter tracts, by measuring the degree and spatial distribution of anisotropic diffusion within the brain. This article reviews the basic concepts of DWI and its application in cerebral ischemia and traumatic brain injury.

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Diffusion-weighted MRI in diffuse axonal injury of the brain

Cited by 107 publications

References 16 publications

Diffusion Tensor Imaging Characteristics of the Corpus Callosum in Mild, Moderate, and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

Diffusion Tensor Imaging Characteristics of the Corpus Callosum in Mild, Moderate, and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

Diffusion Tensor MR Imaging and Fiber Tractography: Theoretic Underpinnings

Diffusion-weighted imaging: basic concepts and application in cerebral stroke and head trauma

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