Diffusion‐weighted MRI (DWI) in the oncology patient: Value of breathhold DWI compared to unenhanced and gadolinium‐enhanced MRI

Low, Russell N.; Gurney, Jonathan M.

doi:10.1002/jmri.20864

Cited by 158 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Diffusion is a physical property describing the random movement of molecules in response to thermal energy and may be affected by the biophysical properties of tissues such as cell organization and density, microstructure, and microcirculation (Low and Gurney, 2007). For this reason, DW imaging in a number of recent preclinical animal and cell models has proven successful in detecting tumor-cell death following treatment and monitoring or predicting chemotherapeutic response Armitage et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early changes in apparent diffusion coefficient as an indicator of response to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma

Zhao

Guo

Yang

et al. 2014

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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Objective: The relationship between apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and chemotherapy has been established. However, whether ADC could be considered as a measure for monitoring response to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been demonstrated. This study was to investigate the ADC changes of advanced HCC under sorafenib treatment. Methods: Athymic mice with HepG2 xenografts were allocated to two groups: control and sorafenib (40 mg/kg, bid). T2 and diffusion images were acquired at each time point (0, 10, 14, and 18 d post-therapy). Tumor volume and changes in ADC were calculated. Results: Tumor volumes on Days 10, 14, and 18 after treatment showed significant decreases in the sorafenib-treated group compared with the control. Pretreatment ADC values were not significantly different between the control and treated groups. A slow increase in ADC in the peripheral zone of tumors appeared in the treated group, which was significantly higher compared with the control group on Days 10, 14, and 18. In the central part of tumors on Day 10 after treatment, an increase in ADC appeared in the treated and control groups, the ADC of the control group being significantly lower compared with the treated tumors. From Day 10 to Day 14, the ADC map showed a progressive decrease in the central region of tumors in the treated and control groups. However, this change is more significant in the treated groups. Conclusions: Early changes in mean ADC correlated with sorafenib treatment in HCC, which are promising indicators for predicting sorafenib response in this carcinoma.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early changes in apparent diffusion coefficient as an indicator of response to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma

Zhao

Guo

Yang

et al. 2014

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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“…Preliminary reports have demonstrated the unique potential of DW images for WB detection of both the primary malignancy and metastases to lymph nodes and other organ systems (9,10,12). However, DW images are found to be most useful when they are interpreted in conjunction with conventional T1-and T2-weighted images (13,14). Acquiring WB diffusion-weighted, and even only an incomplete set of the more conventional images, can substantially increase the total scan time when compared to performing a typical MRI exam of local anatomic regions (12).…”

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confidence: 99%

Fast dixon‐based multisequence and multiplanar MRI for whole‐body detection of cancer metastases

Costelloe

Madewell

et al. 2009

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Purpose:To develop and demonstrate the feasibility of multisequence and multiplanar MRI for whole-body cancer detection. Materials and Methods:Two fast Dixon-based sequences and a diffusion-weighted sequence were used on a commercially available 1.5 T scanner for whole-body cancer detection. The study enrolled 19 breast cancer patients with known metastases and in multistations acquired wholebody axial diffusion-weighted, coronal T2-weighted, axial/ sagittal pre-and postcontrast T1-weighted, as well as triphasic abdomen images. Three radiologists subjectively scored Dixon images of each series for overall image quality and fat suppression uniformity on a 4-point scale (1 ϭ poor, 2 ϭ fair, 3 ϭ good, and 4 ϭ excellent). Results:Eighteen of the 19 patients completed the wholebody MRI successfully. The mean acquisition time and overall patient table time were 46 Ϯ 3 and 69 Ϯ 5 minutes, respectively. The average radiologists' scores for overall image quality and fat suppression uniformity were both 3.4 Ϯ 0.5. The image quality was consistent between patients and all completed whole-body examinations were diagnostically adequate. Conclusion:Whole-body MRI offering essentially all the most optimal tumor-imaging sequences in a typical 1-hour time slot can potentially become an appealing "one-stopshop" for whole-body cancer imaging. SEVERAL STUDIES have shown that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used for whole-body (WB) detection of cancer metastases (1-10). In comparison to other imaging modalities, MRI is potentially more desirable for WB imaging because it does not use ionizing radiation, has excellent soft-tissue contrast, and can provide multisequence and multiplanar imaging capabilities for improved diagnostic accuracy. However, the acquisition speed of most MRI sequences is relatively slow. Consequently, the large spatial coverage required in WB imaging often precludes acquiring images of the entire body with a large number of sequences and in different imaging planes. The scan time constraint may be further exacerbated by the fact that obtaining images with and without fat-suppression (which is sometimes needed) requires two separate acquisitions. In addition, fat suppression by the often-used frequency selective saturation techniques is difficult to perform consistently in the setting of WB MRI because of the field inhomogeneity or susceptibility artifacts that occur over the large field-of-view (FOV).Various techniques advocated and used in previous WB MRI studies include the coronal short-tau inversion recovery (STIR) technique (1,2), echo-planar imaging (EPI) technique (3,4), steady-state free-precession (SSFP) technique (5,6), and fat-suppressed three-dimensional (3D) fast spoiled gradient echo technique in conjunction with contrast agent injection (11). Despite their promising results, most of these WB MRI studies suffer from one or more of the above-mentioned technical limitations and have therefore not fully capitalized on the inherent potentials of MRI that are well established for dedicated imag...

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“…Many recent studies have noted that combining DWI with routine MRI sequences improves the diagnostic accuracy of the procedure (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). At DWI, the testes show high signal intensity due to their high cellular density.…”

Section: Issn: 2320-5407mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Detection of Non-Palpable Undescended Testes.

MD¹,

MD²,

Yassin³

2017

IJAR

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Objective:To evaluate the role of diffusion weighted MRI in the detection of non-palpable undescended testes. Materials and methods: Twenty nine boys with undescended testes underwent abdominal and pelvic MRI to identify the location of the testes. MRI was performed using the following sequences: T2-weighted half-Fourier single-shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE), 3-D gradient-echo T1-weighted, 2-D gradient-echo T1 in-phase and outof-phase, respiratory-triggered, turbo spin-echo T2-weighted sequence with fat saturation and free-breathing diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with b values of 50, 400, and 800 s/mm2. Results: In our study, we had 38 non-palpable undescended testicles detected in 29 patients. 17 testes were intracanalicular and 21 testes were intra-abdominal. All 17 intracanalicular testicles and 18 intraabdominal testicles were identified by preoperative conventional MRI and DWI. The sensitivity and specificity values for the MRI with addition of DWI versus laparoscopic findings were 94.6%, and 100% respectively. The overall prediction accuracy was 94.7%. Conclusion: DWI is easy to obtain and easy to evaluate in short time. DWI yields information that complements conventional MRI findings, improving identification and location of nonpalpable undescended testes. We recommend the use of DWI in addition to conventional MRI to increase the preoperative sensitivity and accuracy of identifying and locating nonpalpable testes. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Introduction:-Undescended testes is detected in about 1% of newly born boys, from which 80% are palpable clinically (1) and 20% non-palpable testes which cannot be detected by physical examination; being absent, atrophic or intraabdominal (2). About 18% of non palpable testes could be detected by physical examination under anesthesia, and 12.6% of viable testes could be discovered on exploration. They are usually detected distal to the inguinal canal and missed during physical examination (3).

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Diffusion‐weighted MRI (DWI) in the oncology patient: Value of breathhold DWI compared to unenhanced and gadolinium‐enhanced MRI

Cited by 158 publications

References 16 publications

Early changes in apparent diffusion coefficient as an indicator of response to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma

Early changes in apparent diffusion coefficient as an indicator of response to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma

Fast dixon‐based multisequence and multiplanar MRI for whole‐body detection of cancer metastases

Role of Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Detection of Non-Palpable Undescended Testes.

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