Diffusion-Weighted Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Imaging of Renal Tumors With Histopathologic Correlation

Chandarana, Hersh; Kang, Stella K.; Wong, Samson; Rusinek, Henry; Zhang, Jeff L.; Arizono, Shigeki; Huang, William C.; Melamed, Jonathan; Babb, James S.; Suan, Edgar F.; Lee, Vivian S.; Sigmund, Eric E.

doi:10.1097/rli.0b013e31826a0a49

Cited by 103 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Our results demonstrated that the CR of D* was largest among all parameters, which meant that D* was the least stable. Although we tried to maintain ROI location identical for best endeavors during each operation, it was inevitable that there would still be small differences between Intravoxel incoherent motion imaging for differentiating liver cancer • 267 (17)(18)(19). However, the range of the CR (Bland-Altman) in our study was smaller and reasonably acceptable compared with previous studies (20,21), which could be explained by our homogeneous ROI placement scheme.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Intravoxel incoherent motion: application in differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma and focal nodular hyperplasia

Luo

Jiang²,

Zhang³

2017

Diagn Interv Radiol

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A mong primary malignant hepatic tumors, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common disease and is highly associated with chronic hepatitis B and cirrhosis. Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is the second most common benign focal liver lesion (1), and although it displays gentle biological behavior generally, it can cause abdominal pain or right upper quadrant discomfort occasionally. In terms of the extent of vascular supply during contrast enhancement, HCC and FNH both show a hyperarterialization pattern. HCC is characterized by rapid washout in portal and delayed phase compared with adjacent liver tissue, while FNH displays isointensity or mild hyperintensity in the venous phase because of its slower washout. Liver-specific contrast agents, such as gadoxetic acid, can provide unique information to diagnose these conditions more precisely; however, such agents increase the cost and time-consumption of diagnosis. Occasionally, HCC and FNH show confounding or atypical appearances on imaging, especially for high-or middle-grade differentiated HCC, leading to confusion, misdiagnosis ( Fig. 1), and even unnecessary interventions. Since the treatment of these two lesions is completely different, avoiding unnecessary invasive treatment or tests, such as biopsy, surgery, or interventional therapy, is vital for the prognosis and quality of life of the patient. Therefore, it is crucial to diagnose these conditions noninvasively and accurately before surgery.Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a functional technology to detect diffusion of water molecules and permits to capture more detailed disease information. For lesion detection, the signal intensity on diffusion-weighted image depends on several factors, particularly cell density. A B D O M I N A L I MAG I N G O R I G I N A L A R T I C L E PURPOSEWe aimed to explore whether intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM)-related parameters of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) demonstrate differences that could be used to differentiate and improve diagnostic efficiency. METHODSA total of 27 patients, including 22 with HCC and 5 with FNH, underwent liver 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging for routine sequences. They were concurrently examined by IVIM diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) scanning with 11 different b values (0-800 s/mm 2 ). IVIM-derived parameters, such as pure diffusion coefficient (D), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*), perfusion fraction (f ), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC total ), were quantified automatically by post-processing software and compared between HCC and FNH groups. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was then created to predict their diagnostic value. RESULTS

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Intravoxel incoherent motion: application in differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma and focal nodular hyperplasia

Luo

Jiang²,

Zhang³

2017

Diagn Interv Radiol

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“…Blood flow may determine significant signal attenuation over the low b-value range (from 0 to 100 s/mm 2 ), which artificially inflates diffusion estimates and thus may be mistakenly attributed to diffusion. 13,[25][26][27][28] In contrast with Abdel Razek, that distinguished Masaoka-Koga stage I disease (non-invasive THY) from higher stages (II-IV, invasive THY), we assessed whether DW-MRI could distinguish stage I-II (non-advanced THY, no neo-adjuvant therapy before surgery required), from stage III-IV (advanced THY, neo-adjuvant treatments needed). 11 Although we found a significantly higher mean ADC in non-advanced THY compared to advanced THY, this finding may have been influenced by the higher percentage of type B3 THY in advanced THY subgroup (56% versus 7% of nonadvanced THY subgroup).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of thymoma: ability of the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient in predicting the World Health Organization (WHO) classification and the Masaoka-Koga staging system and its prognostic significance on disease-free survival

Priola

Giraudo³

et al. 2015

Eur Radiol

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Objectives: To evaluate the usefulness of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance for distinguishing thymomas according to WHO and Masaoka-Koga classifications and in predicting disease-free survival (DFS) by using the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Methods:Forty-one patients were grouped based on WHO (low-risk vs. high-risk) and MasaokaKoga (early vs. advanced) classifications. For prognosis, seven patients with recurrence at followup were grouped separately from healthy subjects. Differences on ADC levels between groups were tested using Student-t testing. Logistic regression models and areas under the ROC curve (AUROC) were estimated. Results:Mean ADC values were different between groups of WHO (low-risk=1.58±0.20×10-3mm2/sec; high-risk=1.21±0.23×10-3mm2/sec; p<0.0001) and Masaoka-Koga (early=1.43±0.26×10-3mm2/sec; advanced=1.31±0.31×10-3mm2/sec; p=0.016) classifications.Mean ADC of type-B3 (1.05±0.17×10-3mm2/sec) was lower than type-B2 (1.32±0.20×10-3mm2/sec; p=0.023). AUROC in discriminating groups was 0.864 for WHO classification (cutpoint=1.309×10-3mm2/sec; accuracy=78.1 %) and 0.730 for Masaoka-Koga classification (cut-point=1.243×10-3mm2/sec; accuracy=73.2 %). Logistic regression models and two-way ANOVA were significant for WHOclassification (odds ratio[OR]=0.93, p=0.007; p<0.001), but not for Masaoka-Koga classification (OR=0.98, p=0.31; p=0.38). ADC levels were significantly associated with DFS recurrence rate being higher for patients with ADC≤1.299× 10-3mm2/sec (p=0.001; AUROC, 0.834; accuracy=78.0 %).Conclusions: ADC helps to differentiate high-risk from lowrisk thymomas and discriminates the more aggressive type-B3. Primary tumour ADC is a prognostic indicator of recurrence. Key Points• DW-MRI is useful in characterizing thymomas and in predicting disease-free survival.• ADC can differentiate low-risk from high-risk thymomas based on different histological composition • The cutoff-ADC-value of 1.309×10-3mm2/sec is proposed as optimal cut-point for this differentiation • The ADC ability in predicting Masaoka-Koga stage is uncertain and needs further validations• ADC has prognostic value on disease-free survival and helps in stratification of risk

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“…The intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) model (10) assumes that tissue water resides in two nonexchanging compartments: vascular (pseudo-diffusing water inside blood vessels) and nonvascular (diffusing water in and around cells). IVIM has been used to study various cancer types, such as breast (11), prostate (12), pancreatic (13), and kidney (14) tumors, showing improvement in data description compared with the ADC. However, while the IVIM model acknowledges and separates out the additional signal from vascular water, its description of diffusion in the cellular component of the tissue remains simplistic; just as for the ADC, it does not account for cellular geometry and compartmentalization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive Quantification of Solid Tumor Microstructure Using VERDICT MRI

Walker‐Samuel²,

et al. 2014

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There is a need for biomarkers that are useful for noninvasive imaging of tumor pathophysiology and drug efficacy. Through its use of endogenous water, diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) can be used to probe local tissue architecture and structure. However, most DW-MRI studies of cancer tissues have relied on simplistic mathematical models, such as apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) or intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) models, which produce equivocal results on the relation of the model parameter estimate with the underlying tissue microstructure. Here, we present a novel technique called VERDICT (Vascular, Extracellular and Restricted Diffusion for Cytometry in Tumors) to quantify and map histologic features of tumors in vivo. VERDICT couples DW-MRI to a mathematical model of tumor tissue to access features such as cell size, vascular volume fraction, intra-and extracellular volume fractions, and pseudo-diffusivity associated with blood flow. To illustrate VERDICT, we used two tumor xenograft models of colorectal cancer with different cellular and vascular phenotypes. Our experiments visualized known differences in the tissue microstructure of each model and the significant decrease in cell volume resulting from administration of the cytotoxic drug gemcitabine, reflecting the apoptotic volume decrease. In contrast, the standard ADC and IVIM models failed to detect either of these differences. Our results illustrate the superior features of VERDICT for cancer imaging, establishing it as a noninvasive method to monitor and stratify treatment responses. Cancer Res; 74(7); 1902-12. Ó2014 AACR.

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Diffusion-Weighted Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Imaging of Renal Tumors With Histopathologic Correlation

Abstract: Intravoxel incoherent motion parameters fp and Dt can discriminate renal tumor subtypes. Perfusion fraction demonstrates good correlation with CIAUC60 and can assess degree of tumor vascularity without the use of exogenous contrast agent.

Cited by 103 publications

References 53 publications

Intravoxel incoherent motion: application in differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma and focal nodular hyperplasia

Intravoxel incoherent motion: application in differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma and focal nodular hyperplasia

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of thymoma: ability of the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient in predicting the World Health Organization (WHO) classification and the Masaoka-Koga staging system and its prognostic significance on disease-free survival

Noninvasive Quantification of Solid Tumor Microstructure Using VERDICT MRI

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