Diffusion weighted imaging of bone marrow pathologies

Role of diffusion-weighted imaging for detecting bone marrow infiltration in skull in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

“…On these images, the skull marrow infiltration in ALL patients were visualized with a markedly hyperintense signal and correspondingly reduced mean ADC value, which is indicative of restricted water diffusion. The mean ADC value in our patients with skull marrow infiltration was 0.81±0.43 ×10 -3 mm 2 /s, which is similar to the mean ADC value for cranial metastases, previously reported as 0.90±0.25 ×10 -3 mm 2 /s (25,26). One of the factors that may influence the ADC measurement is the b value setup.…”

“…Probably, the main reason is the hypercellularity of leukemic tissues, which is generated by bone marrow hyperplasia, the main pathologic feature of skull marrow infiltration in ALL (25,26). Furthermore, diffusion restriction is enhanced by the limited transmembranous microscopic movement due to the decreased amount of intracellular water.…”

Can Quantitative Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging Differentiate Benign and Malignant Cold Thyroid Nodules? Initial Results in 25 Patients

“…21,30 A fat-saturation prepulse was used for the DWI sequences in this study to avoid severe chemical shift artifacts. 26 There were several limitations of this study. First, the small number of adenomas and the correlation of the ADCs of lesions with histopathologic findings were limited.…”

“…19,25 In general, rapidly growing tumors are characterized by the increased cell attenuation and the increased amount of diffusion barriers. 26 Therefore, the motion of diffusion capacity is restricted and results in increased SIs and low ADC values.…”

Parameters for Diffusion Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Temporomandibular Joint

“…The results of other studies suggest that DWI is capable of detecting bone marrow abnormalities, while not being so useful in differentiating spinal infection and malignancy 16) . However, another report has suggested that DWI offers a potential tool for therapy monitoring which would allow us to revise the way in which cancer patients are managed 8) . When these requirements have been met, DWI, especially SSFP, will provide an effective clinical tool in the interpretation of emerging pathologic conditions in the TMJ region, for instance, offering an alternative to T2-weighted MRI in the evaluation of the abnormal accumulation of TMJ fluid.…”