Diffusion Weighted Imaging and T2 Mapping Detect Inflammatory Response in the Renal Tissue during Ischemia Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Different Mouse Strains and Predict Renal Outcome

Greite, Robert; Derlin, Katja; Hartung, Dagmar; Chen, Rongjun; Meier, Martin; Gutberlet, Marcel; Hensen, Bennet; Wacker, Frank; Gueler, Faikah; Hellms, Susanne

doi:10.3390/biomedicines9081071

Cited by 6 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Significant ADC reduction and T 2 prolongation suggest severe renal tissue damage at these time points. In previous studies, ADC reduction after AKI was reported to be associated with cell swelling and infiltration of inflammatory cells into the interstitial space [32,36,55]. Our results demonstrated ADC changes of OSOM only at day 6 after the intoxication of AAI.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Parametric MRI Detects Aristolochic Acid Induced Acute Kidney Injury

et al. 2022

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Exposure to aristolochic acid (AA) is of increased concern due to carcinogenic and nephrotoxic effects, and incidence of aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) is increasing. This study characterizes renal alterations during the acute phase of AAN using parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). An AAN and a control group of male Wistar rats received administration of aristolochic acid I (AAI) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), respectively, for six days. Both groups underwent MRI before and 2, 4 and 6 days after AAI or PEG administration. T2 relaxation times and apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were determined for four renal layers. Serum creatinine levels (sCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured. Tubular injury scores (TIS) were evaluated based on histologic findings. Increased T2 values were detected since day 2 in the AAN group, but decreased ADCs and increased sCr levels and BUN were not detected until day 4. Significant linear correlations were observed between T2 of the cortex and the outer stripe of outer medulla and TIS. Our results demonstrate that parametric MRI facilitates early detection of renal injury induced by AAI in a rat model. T2 mapping may be a valuable tool for assessing kidney injury during the acute phase of AAN.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Parametric MRI Detects Aristolochic Acid Induced Acute Kidney Injury

et al. 2022

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“…Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) from DWI can be influenced by multiple factors including cellularity, the presence of macromolecules, and microcirculation. Previous preclinical studies revealed that ADC correlated with kidney volume loss and could be related to interstitial fibrosis induced by AKI, [22][23][24] although ADC showed lower sensitivity or lower correlation with kidney volume loss than transverse relaxation measures. 23,24 A more comprehensive and robust preclinical MLR model can be built by including additional MRI measures from CEST and DWI, obtaining temporal MRI and histological data after IRI, and increasing the sample size.…”

Section: Predicting Fibrosis and Ta Using Mlrmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Previous preclinical studies revealed that ADC correlated with kidney volume loss and could be related to interstitial fibrosis induced by AKI, [22][23][24] although ADC showed lower sensitivity or lower correlation with kidney volume loss than transverse relaxation measures. 23,24 A more comprehensive and robust preclinical MLR model can be built by including additional MRI measures from CEST and DWI, obtaining temporal MRI and histological data after IRI, and increasing the sample size. Longitudinal MRI study of reversible as well as progressive IRI models, from acute phase to recovery or progression to CKD, will be very helpful to establish the method as an early diagnostic tool.…”

Section: Predicting Fibrosis and Ta Using Mlrmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide measurements to estimate the temporal and spatial progression of structural, functional, and metabolic alterations in kidneys caused by various injuries and diseases 12–19 . Several MRI techniques have been explored for their potential for detecting AKI‐induced kidney disease, 8,18 including diagnosis of renal structural abnormalities, 20 detection of urinary tract obstruction, 4,21 evaluation of tissue microstructure, 22–24 assessment of renal perfusion and oxygenation, 19,22–25 estimation of apoptosis or fibrosis, 26 and quantification of the whole kidney volume 26 . However, a limited number of MRI measures could not provide a thorough estimate of renal structure, composition, and function during disease progression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of long‐term renal atrophy and fibrosis after ischemia reperfusion induced acute kidney injury in mice

et al. 2022

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Tubular atrophy and fibrosis are pathological changes that determine the prognosis of kidney disease induced by acute kidney injury (AKI). We aimed to evaluate multiple magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters, including pool size ratio (PSR) from quantitative magnetization transfer, relaxation rates, and measures from spin‐lock imaging ( R1ρ and Sρ), for assessing the pathological changes associated with AKI‐induced kidney disease. Eight‐week‐old male C57BL/6 J mice first underwent unilateral ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) induced by reperfusion after 45 min of ischemia. They were imaged using a 7T MRI system 56 days after the injury. Paraffin tissue sections were stained using Masson trichrome and picrosirius red to identify histopathological changes such as tubular atrophy and fibrosis. Histology detected extensive tubular atrophy and moderate fibrosis in the cortex and outer stripe of the outer medulla (CR + OSOM) and more prominent fibrosis in the inner stripe of the outer medulla (ISOM) of IRI kidneys. In the CR + OSOM region, evident decreases in PSR, R1, R2, R1ρ, and Sρ showed in IRI compared with contralateral kidneys, with PSR and Sρ exhibiting the most significant changes. In addition, the exchange parameter Sρ dropped by the largest degree among all the MRI parameters, while R2* increased significantly. In the ISOM of IRI kidneys, PSR increased while Sρ kept decreasing. R2, R1ρ, and R2* all increased due to more severe fibrosis in this region. Among MRI measures, PSR and R1ρ showed the highest detectability of renal changes no matter whether tubular atrophy or fibrosis dominated. R2* and Sρ could be more specific to a single pathological event than other MRI measures because only R2* increased and Sρ decreased consistently when either fibrosis or tubular atrophy dominated, and their correlations with fibrosis scores were higher than other MRI measures. Multiparametric MRI may enable a more comprehensive analysis of histopathological changes following AKI.

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Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Investigations on Acute and Long‐Term Kidney Injury

Wang

et al. 2023

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of critical illness and carries a significant risk of short‐ and long‐term mortality. The prediction of the progression of AKI to long‐term injury has been difficult for renal disease treatment. Radiologists are keen for the early detection of transition from AKI to long‐term kidney injury, which would help in the preventive measures. The lack of established methods for early detection of long‐term kidney injury underscores the pressing needs of advanced imaging technology that reveals microscopic tissue alterations during the progression of AKI. Fueled by recent advances in data acquisition and post‐processing methods of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), multiparametric MRI is showing great potential as a diagnostic tool for many kidney diseases. Multiparametric MRI studies offer a precious opportunity for real‐time noninvasive monitoring of pathological development and progression of AKI to long‐term injury. It provides insight into renal vasculature and function (arterial spin labeling, intravoxel incoherent motion), tissue oxygenation (blood oxygen level‐dependent), tissue injury and fibrosis (diffusion tensor imaging, diffusion kurtosis imaging, T1 and T2 mapping, quantitative susceptibility mapping). The multiparametric MRI approach is highly promising but the longitudinal investigation on the transition of AKI to irreversible long‐term impairment is largely ignored. Further optimization and implementation of renal MR methods in clinical practice will enhance our comprehension of not only AKI but chronic kidney diseases. Novel imaging biomarkers for microscopic renal tissue alterations could be discovered and benefit the preventative interventions. This review explores recent MRI applications on acute and long‐term kidney injury while addressing lingering challenges, with emphasis on the potential value of the development of multiparametric MRI for renal imaging on clinical systems.Evidence Level1Technical EfficacyStage 2

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Diffusion Weighted Imaging and T2 Mapping Detect Inflammatory Response in the Renal Tissue during Ischemia Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Different Mouse Strains and Predict Renal Outcome

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

Parametric MRI Detects Aristolochic Acid Induced Acute Kidney Injury

Parametric MRI Detects Aristolochic Acid Induced Acute Kidney Injury

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of long‐term renal atrophy and fibrosis after ischemia reperfusion induced acute kidney injury in mice

Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Investigations on Acute and Long‐Term Kidney Injury

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