Diffusion-Tensor Imaging of the Growing Ends of Long Bones: Pilot Demonstration of Columnar Structure in the Physes and Metaphyses of the Knee

Jaimes, Camilo; Berman, Jeffrey; Delgado, Jorge; Ho-Fung, Víctor; Jaramillo, Diego

doi:10.1148/radiol.14132136

Cited by 22 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Jaimes et al found that in vivo DTI and tractography showed the columnar microstructure of the physis and adjacent metaphysis, and provides further insight into normal growth . Their extended study demonstrated that DTI and tractography in the distal femur and proximal tibia related to age, sex, and height .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Achilles tendon diffusion properties of healthy participants and tendinopathy patients were investigated on a clinical MR scanner with the Achilles positioned at the magic angle (~55°) to main magnetic field for the maximum tendon MR signal . DTI of growing ends of long bones demonstrated the columnar structure in the physis and metaphysis of the knee . Tractography of the thin‐layer articular cartilage is still challenging because of the lower FA values compared to tendon and ligaments …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diffusion tractography of the rat knee at microscopic resolution

Wang

Mirando

Cofer

et al. 2019

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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Purpose To evaluate whole knee joint tractography, including articular cartilage, ligaments, meniscus, and growth plate using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) at microscopic resolution. Methods Three rat knee joints were scanned using a modified 3D diffusion‐weighted spin echo pulse sequence with 90‐ and 45‐μm isotropic spatial resolution at 9.4T. The b values varied from 250 to 1250 s/mm2 with 4 times undersampling in phase directions. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were compared at different spatial resolution and b values. Tractography was evaluated at multiple b values and angular resolutions in different connective tissues, and compared with conventional histology. The mean tract length and tract volume in various types of tissues were also quantified. Results DTI metrics (FA and MD) showed consistent quantitative results at 90‐ and 45‐μm isotropic spatial resolutions. Tractography of various connective tissues was found to be sensitive to the spatial resolution, angular resolution, and diffusion weightings. Higher spatial resolution (45 μm) supported tracking the cartilage collagen fiber tracts from the superficial zone to the deep zone, in a continuous and smooth progression in the transitional zone. Fiber length and fiber volume in the growth plate were strongly dependent on angular resolution and b values, whereas tractography in ligaments was found to be less dependent on spatial resolution. Conclusion High spatial and angular resolution DTI and diffusion tractography can be valuable for knee joint research because of its visualization capacity for collagen fiber orientations and quantitative evaluation of tissue’s microscopic properties.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion tractography of the rat knee at microscopic resolution

Wang

Mirando

Cofer

et al. 2019

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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“…We need a more robust and quantifiable technique that can assess bone growth within short periods of time and determine the extent to which further growth is anticipated. A study has shown that magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) allows quantitative assessment of the microstructure and morphology of the physis and metaphysis (3). Tracts can be detected in the physis and adjacent metaphysis, presumably reflecting columns of chondrocytes and newly formed bone that produce bone growth by cell proliferation, increase in cell volume, and mineralization of the cartilage.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Tracts can be detected in the physis and adjacent metaphysis, presumably reflecting columns of chondrocytes and newly formed bone that produce bone growth by cell proliferation, increase in cell volume, and mineralization of the cartilage. With physeal closure, the tracts become disorganized and ultimately disappear (3).…”

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confidence: 99%

Diffusion-Tensor Imaging of the Physes: A Possible Biomarker for Skeletal Growth—Experience with 151 Children

et al. 2017

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Purpose To determine the changes of diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) and tractography in the distal femur and proximal tibia related to age, sex, and height. Materials and Methods Following institutional review board approval, with waiver of consent and with HIPAA compliance, the authors retrospectively analyzed DTI images of the knee in 151 children, 73 girls (median age, 14.1 years; range, 6.5-17.8 years) and 78 boys (median age, 16.6 years; range, 6.9-17.9 years), studied from January 2013 to October 2014. At sagittal echo-planar DTI (20 directions, b values of 0 and 600 sec/mm), regions of interest were placed in the tibial and femoral physes. Using a fractional anisotropy threshold of 0.15 and an angle threshold of 40°, the authors performed tractography and measured apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and tract length and volume. Changes related to age, sex, and height were evaluated by using fitted nonlinear polynomial functions on bootstrapped samples. Results Femoral tract volume and length increased and then decreased with age (P < .001); the peaks of femoral tract volume are consistent with the growth spurt, occurring earlier in girls (10.8 years) than in boys (13.0 years) (P < .001). Girls had smaller tract volumes in comparison to boys (P = .013). ADC peaks 2 years earlier than tract volume (girls at 9.3 years, boys at 11.0 years). Girls with greater than 50th percentile of height had longer tracts and greater tract volumes compared with girls with less than 50th percentile (P < .020). DTI parameters of boys do not correlate with percentile of height (P > .300). Conclusion DTI of the physis and metaphysis shows greater tract length and volumes in subjects who are at ages when the growth is fastest. ADC and tract length and volume have an earlier and smaller peak in girls than in boys. Femoral tract length and volume are larger in taller girls. RSNA, 2017.

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“…Sparse case reports also refer to epiphyseal ghosts in the knee but used the description "intra-epiphyseal silhouettes" or "patellar growth arrest lines," when occurring years after long periods of immobilization due to trauma or surgery in childhood [14,15]. Other authors refer to the existence of epiphyseal growth arrest lines in their papers on imaging of pediatric bone growth [16,17]. Because the acrophysis is not restricted to the epiphyses but is also seen in other SOC, including the patella, the term "ghost SOC" seems to be more appropriate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acrophyseal growth arrest in a long-term survivor of acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Rooy

Buckens

Brons³

et al. 2020

Skeletal Radiol

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Growth arrest at the secondary growth plate, also known as the acrophysis, is a rare phenomenon with only very few known published case reports. We report on a case of formation of ghost secondary ossification centers at the acrophyses of the knee joint in a 14-year-old female, who survived early childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The patient suffered from severe side effects from both disease and subsequent treatment strategies with a 10-month immobilization period as a consequence at the age of 3 years. The ghost secondary ossification centers were encountered on radiographs and MRI 10 years later, when she presented for evaluation of chronic pain in her left knee related to sports activities, due to a meniscal cyst. Awareness of this phenomenon is nevertheless important, because it seems that endochondral bone growth recovery at the acrophyses might be different from recovery in physes, because we found no concomitant sequelae of growth arrest in the metaphyses.

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Diffusion-Tensor Imaging of the Growing Ends of Long Bones: Pilot Demonstration of Columnar Structure in the Physes and Metaphyses of the Knee

Abstract: Diffusion-tensor imaging shows the columnar microstructure of the physis and adjacent metaphysis, and provides further insight into normal growth.

Cited by 22 publications

References 34 publications

Diffusion tractography of the rat knee at microscopic resolution

Diffusion tractography of the rat knee at microscopic resolution

Diffusion-Tensor Imaging of the Physes: A Possible Biomarker for Skeletal Growth—Experience with 151 Children

Acrophyseal growth arrest in a long-term survivor of acute lymphoblastic leukemia

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