Diffusion Tensor Imaging–Demonstrated Differences between Hemiplegic and Diplegic Cerebral Palsy with Symmetric Periventricular Leukomalacia

Cho, H.K.; Jang, Sung Ho; Lee, E.; Kim, S.Y.; Kim, S.; Kwon, Yong Hyun; Son, Soo Min

doi:10.3174/ajnr.a3272

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The characteristics of PVL are generally consistent with the MRI findings ( 15 , 16 ). CT examination is not able to detect early damage in the periventricular white matter until cystic lesions are formed.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…CT examination is not able to detect early damage in the periventricular white matter until cystic lesions are formed. The end-stage appearance of the PVL was observed by CT as follows ( 15 ): the lateral ventricle was enlarged, expanding from the rear of the lateral ventricles to the full lateral ventricle and the edges of the lateral ventricle were irregular and uneven. The quantity of the periventricular white matter was reduced mainly around the trigonal zone of the lateral ventricle and along the centrum semiovale in severe cases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical study of cerebral palsy in 408 children with periventricular leukomalacia

Shang

et al. 2015

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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This study aimed to investigate the high risk factors, cerebral palsy (CP) subtypes and comorbidities of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). Based on treatment conditions at a specialist hospital, a cross-sectional clinical study and retrospective analysis of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging examinations was conducted to evaluate the risk factors, subtypes and comorbidities of CP in children with PVL. Among the 408 children with PVL, 8.58% were born with a weight of ≤1,500 g and 44.36% were born with a weight of ≥2,500 g. In addition, 36.76% of these children had a gestational age of ≤32 weeks and 37.75% had a gestational age of ≥37 weeks. The proportion of the children born with various high risk factors was 95.59%, including perinatal infections and hypoxia. Severe PVL was observed in preterm infants (63.41% with a gestational age of <28 weeks and 21.95% with a gestational age of 28–30 weeks) and low-birth weight infants, which were prone to quadriplegia (43.90%). The common comorbidities included visual and auditory disorders, epilepsy, mental retardation and language barriers. Visual and auditory disorders (26.96%) were the most common comorbidities. PVL was identified primarily in premature and low-birth weight infants. The degree of PVL was found to be negatively correlated with gestational age and birth weight. The degree of PVL in the full-term infants correlated with exposure to infections or hypoxia. Quadriplegia is common among the various subtypes of CP. Visual and hearing disorders are the most common comorbidities of CP; these comorbidities occurred most frequently with quadriplegia.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical study of cerebral palsy in 408 children with periventricular leukomalacia

Shang

et al. 2015

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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“…Through both a voxel-level and an atlasbased ROI approach, we extended our investigation beyond the analysis of corticospinal and sensory-motor tracts that were extensively investigated in previous studies. 8,[25][26][27][28][29][30] Our analysis took into account, with a standardized and non-operator-dependent method, a large number of WM tracts and areas extensively covering both the supratentorial and infratentorial brain and the cerebellum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent literature 8,[25][26][27][28][29][30] has extensively documented, through DTI, the damage occurring to corticospinal and sensory-motor tracts in patients with CP. Less attention has been paid to the severity of the alterations and to the different degrees of involvement that can affect WM tracts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole-Brain DTI Assessment of White Matter Damage in Children with Bilateral Cerebral Palsy: Evidence of Involvement beyond the Primary Target of the Anoxic Insult

Arrigoni

Peruzzo

Gagliardi³

et al. 2016

American Journal of Neuroradiology

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Cerebral palsy is frequently associated with both motor and nonmotor symptoms. DTI can characterize the damage at the level of motor tracts but provides less consistent results in nonmotor areas. We used a standardized pipeline of analysis to describe and quantify the pattern of DTI white matter abnormalities of the whole brain in a group of children with chronic bilateral cerebral palsy and periventricular leukomalacia. We also explored potential correlations between DTI and clinical scale metrics.

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“…Both preterm and term HI populations show a wide variety of subsequent deficits in behavioral and cognitive domains, including language processes [8–14], memory [15– 24], visual attention [25–26], and motor abilities [27–31]. With specific regard to language abilities -- although many different processes are involved in language development, one proposed mechanism that might lead to later language deficits is an underlying impairment in rapid auditory processing (RAP).…”

Section: 1 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral and histological outcomes following neonatal HI injury in a preterm (P3) and term (P7) rodent model

Alexander

Garbus

Smith

et al. 2014

Behavioural Brain Research

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Hypoxia-ischemia (HI) occurs when blood and/or oxygen delivery to the brain is compromised. HI injuries can occur in infants born prematurely (<37 weeks gestational age) or at very low birth weight (<1500 grams), as well as in term infants with birth complications. In both preterm and term HI populations, brain injury is associated with subsequent behavioral deficits. Neonatal HI injury can be modeled in rodents (e.g., the Rice-Vannucci method, via cautery of right carotid followed by hypoxia). When this injury is induced early in life (between postnatal day (P)1–5), neuropathologies typical of human preterm HI are modeled. When injury is induced later (P7–12), neuropathologies typical of those seen in HI term infants are modeled. The current study sought to characterize the similarities/differences between outcomes following early (P3) and late (P7) HI injury in rats. Male rats with HI injury on P3 or P7, as well as sham controls, were tested on a variety of behavioral tasks in both juvenile and adult periods. Results showed that P7 HI rats displayed deficits on motor learning, rapid auditory processing (RAP), and other learning/memory tasks, as well as a reduction in volume in various neuroanatomical structures. P3 HI animals showed only transient deficits on RAP tasks in the juvenile period (but not in adulthood), yet robust deficits on a visual attention task in adulthood. P3 HI animals did not show any significant reductions in brain volume that we could detect. These data suggest that: 1) behavioral deficits following neonatal HI are task-specific depending on timing of injury; 2) P3 HI rats showed transient deficits on RAP tasks; 3) the more pervasive behavioral deficits seen following P7 HI injury were associated with substantial global tissue loss; and 4) persistent deficits in attention in P3 HI subjects might be linked to neural connectivity disturbances rather than a global loss of brain volume, given that no such pathology was found. These combined findings can be applied to our understanding of differing long-term outcomes following neonatal HI injury in premature versus term infants.

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Diffusion Tensor Imaging–Demonstrated Differences between Hemiplegic and Diplegic Cerebral Palsy with Symmetric Periventricular Leukomalacia

Cited by 18 publications

References 34 publications

Clinical study of cerebral palsy in 408 children with periventricular leukomalacia

Clinical study of cerebral palsy in 408 children with periventricular leukomalacia

Whole-Brain DTI Assessment of White Matter Damage in Children with Bilateral Cerebral Palsy: Evidence of Involvement beyond the Primary Target of the Anoxic Insult

Behavioral and histological outcomes following neonatal HI injury in a preterm (P3) and term (P7) rodent model

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