Diffusion tensor anisotropy in the cingulate gyrus in schizophrenia

Segal, Devorah; Haznedar, M. Mehmet; Hazlett, Erin A.; Entis, Jonathan J.; Newmark, Randall E.; Torosjan, Yuliya; Schneiderman, Jason S.; Friedman, Joseph I.; Chu, King-Wai; Tang, Cheuk Y.; Buchsbaum, Monte S.; Hof, Patrick R.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.12.071

Cited by 31 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Because deficits in activation of the ACC have been associated with many disorders (12)(13)(14)(15)(16), the ability to strengthen cingulate connectivity through training could provide a means for improving self-regulation and might serve as a possible therapy or prevention tool (13). Further, these findings suggest a use of IBMT as a vehicle for understanding how training influences brain plasticity observed in functional activation, functional connectivity, white matter anisotropy, EEG coherence, gray matter volume, and other measures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short-term meditation induces white matter changes in the anterior cingulate

Tang

Geng

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

428

353

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The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is part of a network implicated in the development of self-regulation and whose connectivity changes dramatically in development. In previous studies we showed that 3 h of mental training, based on traditional Chinese medicine (integrative body-mind training, IBMT), increases ACC activity and improves self-regulation. However, it is not known whether changes in white matter connectivity can result from small amounts of mental training. We here report that 11 h of IBMT increases fractional anisotropy (FA), an index indicating the integrity and efficiency of white matter in the corona radiata, an important white-matter tract connecting the ACC to other structures. Thus IBMT could provide a means for improving self-regulation and perhaps reducing or preventing various mental disorders.anterior cingulate cortex | anterior corona radiata | integrative body-mind training | relaxation training | self-regulation P revious studies on effects of long-term training on white matter assessed by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have had mixed results. Musicians show positive relations between fractional anisotropy (FA) and training in widespread white-matter regions such as the pyramidal tract (1, 2); however, the opposite result of lower FA in musicians than in nonmusicians in this region of the brain was also reported (3, 4). One study has reported that longterm abacus training from an early age enhances the integrity in white-matter tracts related to motor and visuospatial processes (5). Working memory is an important capacity involved in the shortterm maintenance and manipulation of information. A recent study found months of working memory training increases FA associated with the white matter adjacent to the frontoparietal regions critical in working memory (6). Much of the research in training effects on white-matter plasticity have compared experts and novices without explicit training and when training has been used has generally required months to years to produce changes in FA.The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is part of a network implicated in monitoring and resolving conflict among competing response tendencies (7,8). During infant and child development this structure has been shown to change its connectivity (9, 10). These changes have been related to the increasing ability of children to regulate their own emotions and behavior (11).Deficits in activation of the ACC have been associated with attention deficit disorder, addiction, dementia, depression, schizophrenia, and other disorders (12-16). In addiction, hypoactivation of the ACC has been found to be critical to symptoms of craving (17). In tobacco addiction, a circuit involving the ACC and striatum has been shown to have lower than normal connectivity (15). Thus evidence related to increasing the activation and strengthening connectivity of the ACC may be useful as a treatment or prevention of addiction and other disorders.The anterior corona radiata has been identified as one important white-matter tract connecting the ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Deficits in activation of the ACC have been associated with attention deficit disorder, addiction, dementia, depression, schizophrenia, and other disorders (12)(13)(14)(15)(16). In addiction, hypoactivation of the ACC has been found to be critical to symptoms of craving (17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term meditation induces white matter changes in the anterior cingulate

Tang

Geng

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

428

353

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“…The cingulum bundle is the major white matter tract in the cingulate gyrus and carries fibers connecting the parahippocampal gyrus and the orbitofrontal cortex, as well as fibers radiating to the striatum, thalamus, and internal capsule [24,25]. DTI studies have demonstrated decreased anisotropy in the cingulum bundle in schizophrenia [26][27][28][29][30]. Anisotropy changes in men with schizophrenia have been noted in a number of brain areas, including the anterior cingulate gyrus, and were specifically linked to increased impulsivity, a symptom of the disease [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cingulum bundle white matter in MAG-knockout mice

Segal

Carpenter

Höistad

et al. 2010

Translational Neuroscience

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Myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG) is an oligodendrocyte-derived gene whose expression is decreased in schizophrenia. Several measures of white matter integrity appear abnormal in schizophrenia, specifically in the anterior cingulate gyrus. We studied mice lacking MAG as a potential model of dysmyelination. Using the stereological "Space Balls" method, we estimated myelinated fiber length density in the cingulum bundle in adult knockout and control mice. We performed diffusion anisotropy imaging in these animals, measuring fractional anisotropy (FA) in a region of the cingulum bundle. We found no differences in cingulum myelinated fiber length density between the two groups, although we did note an age-related decrease regardless of genotype. No differences were noted in FA either, but an age-related decrease was seen as well. These findings imply that MAG dysfunction alone is not sufficient to cause the white matter alterations seen in schizophrenia.

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“…Twin studies have shown that approximately 80% of the phenotypic variance may be explained by genetic variation 16 . Genetic risk variants may interact with environmental factors such as obstetric complications 17,18 , exposure to childhood trauma 19 , adolescent cannabis use 20,21 and growing up in an urban environment 22,23 . Some of these risk factors are supposed to cause increased stress at a vulnerable age period (childhood, young adulthood) during the brains' most critical developmental phase.…”

Section: Environmental Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, volumetric MRI studies in first-degree relatives 18,19 and twins 20 have shown indirect genetic effects on global grey and white matter volume reduction in schizophrenia. The number of DTI studies examining individuals at higher than average genetic risk for psychotic disorder is scant and sample sizes are, in general, small (number of high-risk individuals ranging from n=16 to n=34), except for one study 21 . The available evidence suggests that white matter alterations may be present in first-degree relatives without symptoms [21][22][23][24][25][26][27] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diffusion tensor anisotropy in the cingulate gyrus in schizophrenia

Cited by 31 publications

References 60 publications

Short-term meditation induces white matter changes in the anterior cingulate

Short-term meditation induces white matter changes in the anterior cingulate

Cingulum bundle white matter in MAG-knockout mice

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