Diffusion of Water through Rubber

Abstract

the Cleveland water supply, was completed in February, 1928. The American Water Works and Electric Supply Company is also carrying on tests on a semicommercial basis. The Candy Filter Corporation, London, England, has successfully used a dechlor process over carbon for the past eighteen years.2

Kinetics of water vapor diffusion in resins

“…However, it was noticed since the early days of industrial and consumer use of rubber products that natural and vulcanized rubbers do absorb water and water diffusion in rubber may be relatively fast [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. The early reports on the amount of water absorbed by natural vulcanized rubber varied from 19 % [4] to 35 % by mass [6] after 9 months in water at room temperature.…”

“…Water diffusion in polymers was studied by monitoring the kinetics of mass change of the polymer absorbing or desorbing water [6-8, 13, 14], change in water vapor pressure due to absorption by polymer [7], polymer volume change [8,9], torsional balance oscillation frequency change [12], permeability kinetics [15], scintillation intensity increase upon absorption of tritiated water by polymers containing luminophore [16], change in spectrum of polymer containing pH indicator due to absorption of weak acid or base solutions [17], change of attenuated total infrared reflectance spectrum of polymer due to water permeation [18][19][20], change in fluorescence probe lifetime with water absorption [21] and others. Several methods of monitoring small molecules diffusion in polymers were reviewed by Crank [22, pp.…”

Permeability of membranes to water vapor with special reference to packaging materials/

“…04 [28] 1.1 [26] 2 [28] 22 [2] 44 [1] 68 [20] 150 [26] 1.4 [31] 6 [31] 15 [20] 10 [26] 20 [20] 42 [20] 0. 6 30] 100 [30] 75 [22] 100 [3] 105 [22] 120 [14] 21S [1] 251 [20 336 [14 1, 327 [1] 115 [14] 3.9 6.5 9.6 [23] 126 [20] 130 [14] i The numbers in brackets refer to the list of references at the end of the paper. 3 Values in references [11, 19, 20, and 33] were reported for a thickness of 1 mil (0.025 mm).…”

“…If the latter form of leakage is significant, table 1 suggests a false sense of security in a few cases where reliance has been placed on mechanical clamps and gaskets. Evidence that such a relation does not hold is found [23], although others have concluded that the relation may or may not hold, depending upon the type of testing method used, the nature of the material, and the effect of sorption at high humidities [26]. Other workers report that the moisture impedance (reciprocal of the permeability) is substantially proportional to the thickness or linearly related to it [31,33].…”

Hard Rubber (Ebonite)

“…Schumacher and Ferguson (39) showed that moisture diffuses somewhat slower through hard than through soft rubber. They studied the rates of diffusion of various rubber compositions and found that the rate does not vary much with composition.…”