Diffusion of water in silica glasses containing different amounts of chlorine

Reactivity of SiCl and SiF groups in SiO2 glass with mobile interstitial O2 and H2O molecules

“…No other distinct induced absorption was found in the F-doped sample. In contrast, an absorption band located at $2815 cm À1 [3,11,18,19], which is due to interstitial HCl [1], was observed in the Cl-doped sample. The concentration of HCl was calculated to be $1 · 10 19 cm À3 ($15% of total Cl atoms) using a peak absorption cross section ($2 · 10 À19 cm 2 [1]), which was Optical loss in the pristine samples is due to the surface reflection.…”

Water diffusion coefficient measurements in deposited silica coatings by the substrate curvature method

“…3 The tool is capable of measuring curvature of wafers from 75 mm to 200 mm diameter, and was additionally modified to additionally measure 10 Â 50 mm strips. Curvature was measured by scanning a laser across the wafer or strip, a procedure that takes approximately 30 s. Gaseous nitrogen containing a controlled amount of humidity was flowed over the wafer or strip at rates of 0.5-10 L/min (1-20 ft 3 /h).…”

“…2 This technique is called the 'Continuous Stiffness Option' for the MTS NanoIndenter. 3 KLA-Tencor (now Toho Technology) Flexus FLX2320. 4 Electro-Tec Systems (ETS) Model 5472. located six inches upstream of the chamber.…”

“…It has been extensively studied and quantified by numerous techniques including infrared absorption [1][2][3][4] and Raman spectroscopy [5] of hydroxyl groups, water vapor transmission rate measurements [6], and secondary ion mass spectrometry of D 2 O [7]. This work applies a substrate curvature method previously used to deduce the room temperature diffusivity of water in polymer coatings [8] to deposited silica coatings.…”

Impact of soda-lime borosilicate glass composition on water penetration and water structure at the first time of alteration

“…Meanwhile, at the first time of alteration, the elements content in solution are too low to be detected and the altered zone is too thin to be characterized by the major part of the techniques previously mentioned. Consequently, the most commonly used technique to study glass hydration is the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy because it is highly sensitive, it offers the possibility to distinguish between different water-related species and it allows determining the water diffusion coefficients [22,23]. More recently, X-ray reflectometry was used to study water penetration through simplified and complex nucleartype glasses [24][25][26][27].…”