Diffusion of W on A W(211) plane

Choi, Deuk-Soo; Gomer, R.

doi:10.1016/0039-6028(90)90035-7

Cited by 35 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…As it was shown for the first time by Swanson [11] and then in papers [5,6] at moderate temperature the FE current fluctuations can be seen on clean metal surfaces, arising from the creation and motion of detached atoms and other defects.…”

Section: Activation Energy Of Surface Self-diffusionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…This was discussed in papers [5,6] with the conclusion that the effect is rather weak; the experiments were carried out under conditions for which the build-up effect could be neglected [13].…”

Section: Activation Energy Of Surface Self-diffusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the methods of detection of the surface disorder via the changes in surface self-diffusion is the field emission (FE) current fluctuation (field emission flicker noise) method initiated by Kleint in 1960 [2] and widely developed by Gomer [3] and others [4]. Gomer and co-workers studied in detail the surface self-diffusion on the chosen regions in the zones (011)-(112) and (011)-(001) of the field emitter tip in the form of a tungsten microcrystal applying Gomer's theoretical approach to the analysis of experimental autocorrelation functions [5,3,6], which allowed them to determine the self-diffusion parameters: temperature dependences of the surface diffusion coefficient D, activation energy E and self-diffusion constant D 0 . Depending on the substrate structure and temperature one-or two-dimensional (1D or 2D) diffusion has been postulated from the analysis of the shape of the correlation function [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The different current fluctuation sources and the models to describe them are discussed in Refs. [5,6,12].…”

Section: Activation Energy Of Surface Self-diffusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-Diffusion of Tungsten on Some Facets of Tungsten Microcrystal

Biernat

Błaszczyszyn

2008

Acta Phys. Pol. A

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The field emission current fluctuation method was applied to investigate surface self-diffusion of tungsten on the (311) and (711) regions (along the zone line (211)- (100)) of a tungsten microcrystal (in the form of the field emitter tip of radius about 300 nm) in the temperature range 500-850 K. The surface diffusion parameters were obtained from spectral analysis of the current fluctuations. The results are discussed from the aspects of the substrate structure.

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Section: Activation Energy Of Surface Self-diffusionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Activation Energy Of Surface Self-diffusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The different current fluctuation sources and the models to describe them are discussed in Refs. [5,6,12].…”

Section: Activation Energy Of Surface Self-diffusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Self-Diffusion of Tungsten on Some Facets of Tungsten Microcrystal

Biernat

Błaszczyszyn

2008

Acta Phys. Pol. A

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“…Cluster head is collecting the members of cluster and transmitting to base station. In 2004 [9], two phase clustering technique is presented. In first phase is same as various approaches used in clustering but different in CH rotations.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Cluster Head Selection Mechanism For Wireless Sensor Networks

Lakshmeesha¹

2016

IJECS

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For data transmission in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), routing is the main course. Many routing algorithm have been proposed for effective data transmission. For data transmission, dynamic cluster selection is necessary to create in the network. Dynamic cluster selection is performed based on energy level of node. Node with higher energy becomes cluster head, after cluster head node is selected; cluster head collects the data from every member of the cluster and forwards that to base station. Cluster head is rotated based on energy level. Proposed mechanism confirms data transmitted effectively and energy efficiency of the node increase. It is implemented using simulator NS2.34 along with TCL script.Keywords: Wireless Sensor Networks, Dynamic Cluster, Energy Efficiency, Routing Algorithm IntroductionIn wireless sensor and actor networks (WSANs) Decreasing of the energy may usually explore leading to dead node. So that succeed in dealing with this problem, there is an important matter at the point of separate single device and it attempts the data routed. This route contains following way that is at the time of contact between the nodes their energy expenditure is fewer amounts to hold their respective energy, rather than path of the routing data maximize their energy expenditure. One main thing it makes networks more faulttolerant is energy backup. Then these node having enough amount energy, itself only remove the failure, this is important thing. These sensor nodes characteristic of minimum cost, minimum power and universal functional have been generally used in the military services, industry, traffic, environmental security and etc. domains. Specifically in the shortage of the existence of the backbone network, including the dangerous region that man cannot make it happen, the battlefield, and other dangerous areas, the applications possible customer of wireless sensor systems surely will be great. Presently, the kinds of researchers have gained wealthy achievements. Security [16] [17] is fundamental things of the WSN and aim is to maintain freshness in data, it protects the local properties, cost usage is efficiently. Security will help when communication with false data. SPIN [15] is the data centric protocol of WSN. It is the different approach and its focuses on spread or delivery the data through network. In DC routing [3], one node collect the all other child node data then send to destination node. SPIN protocol using same procedure. This is the adaptive protocol. Dynamic cluster head selection mechanism guarantees the data delivery from source node to base station. Aim of the proposed scheme is to reduce the intercommunications distance between the nodes and also distances between the cluster head by means of route shorten method. For transferring the data, this scheme does not send the data packet throughout the network but clustering algorithms used for same. This proposed scheme, executed less number of packet transmission moreover these algorithms will consume less energy and sign...

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Dynamically Gas‐Phase Switchable Super(de)wetting States by Reversible Amphiphilic Functionalization: A Powerful Approach for Smart Fluid Gating Membranes

Wong

Gengenbach

Nguyen

et al. 2017

Adv Funct Materials

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In nature, cellular membranes perform critical functions such as endo-and exo-cytosis through smart fluid gating processes mediated by non-specific amphiphilic interactions. Despite considerable progress, artificial fluid gating membranes still rely on laborious stimuli-responsive mechanisms and triggering systems. Here, we present a room temperature gas-phase approach for dynamically switching a porous material from a superhydrophobic to a superhydrophilic wetting state and back. This was realized by the reversible attachment of bipolar amphiphiles, which promote surface wetting. Application of this reversible amphiphilic functionalization to an impermeable nanofibrous This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. 2 membrane induces a temporary state of superhydrophilicity resulting in its pressure-less permeation. This mechanism allows for rapid smart fluid gating processes that can be triggered at room temperature by variations in the environment of the membrane. Owing to the universal adsorption of volatile amphiphiles on surfaces, this approach is applicable to a broad range of materials and geometries enabling facile fabrication of valve-less flow systems, fluid-erasable microfluidic arrays and sophisticated microfluidic designs.Received: ((will be filled in by the editorial staff))Revised: ((will be filled in by the editorial staff)) Published online: ((will be filled in by the editorial staff)) amphiphilic functionalization (RAF) concept for porous hierarchical material is presented. We demonstrate the gas-phase tuning of wettability for membranes, achieving cycles of superhydrophilicity and near-superhydrophobicity. Potential of the concept is showcased through valve-less fluid-gating and erasable microfluidic templates.

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Diffusion of W on A W(211) plane

Cited by 35 publications

References 5 publications

Self-Diffusion of Tungsten on Some Facets of Tungsten Microcrystal

Self-Diffusion of Tungsten on Some Facets of Tungsten Microcrystal

Dynamic Cluster Head Selection Mechanism For Wireless Sensor Networks

Dynamically Gas‐Phase Switchable Super(de)wetting States by Reversible Amphiphilic Functionalization: A Powerful Approach for Smart Fluid Gating Membranes

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