Diffusion of iodine into polyethylene implanted with 150 keV As+ ions

Jankovskij, O.; Švorčı́k, V.; Rybka, V.; Hnatowicz, V.; Popok, Vladimír

doi:10.1016/0168-583x(94)00423-4

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, a few problems encountered during iodine diffusion in polymers are; low diffusion coefficients of polymers [15] and instability of diffused iodine in the polymer matrix. Iodine being volatile suffers reverse diffusion/desorption and therefore cannot be trapped in polymers for longer periods [16,17,19]. A few reports indicate that, an effective solution to these problems can be radiation assisted diffusion [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the irradiation and the subsequent diffusion of iodine can bring about considerable and important changes in the structure of polymers and this can assist in modifying their electrical and optical properties in a desired manner. Studies in this direction are therefore crucial and desirable from fundamental as well as application point of view [16,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, irradiation with keV energy ions such as F + , As + , N + , Ar + , I + , etc. have been used to diffuse iodine in polyethylene, polypropylene and other polymers [15][16][17][18][19][20]. However, in most of such studies, the iodine diffusion has been carried out after the irradiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Co-60 gamma radiation assisted diffusion of iodine in polypropylene

Mathakari

Bhoraskar

Dhole

2010

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Co-60 gamma radiation assisted diffusion of iodine in polypropylene

Mathakari

Bhoraskar

Dhole

2010

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:

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“…Iodine is volatile and therefore suffers a reverse diffusion after its doping in the polymers. Iodine cannot be trapped in the polymers for longer periods 16,17,19 . A literature survey indicates that an effective solution to such problems can be radiation-assisted diffusion [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the radiation induced free volume can aid in diffusing the inorganic species in polymers, defects can serve as trapping centers and the increased chemical activity may help their interaction with the polymer network. Further, the electro-negativity of Iodine should allow its strong interaction with polymers and therefore considerable and desired changes in their physiochemical properties can be achieved 16,19 . This area therefore requires attention for an extensive research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

6 MeV electron beam induced diffusion of iodine in isotactic polypropylene

et al. 2011

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Polypropylene is irradiated by 6 MeV electrons in presence of Iodine and subsequently characterized by the techniques such as weight gain, weight loss, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM), Ultraviolet Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). It is unambiguously observed that the electron beam assists the doping and trapping of volatile Iodine in Polypropylene. Presence of the Iodine during irradiation strongly supports the radiation-induced decrease in the band gap up to almost visible region. Further, the doped Iodine strongly interacts and decreases the crystalline structure of the Polypropylene. It is also observed that the nanoclusters of Iodine having size around 100 nm are formed on the surface of Polypropylene due to electron irradiation.

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Modification of polyethylene properties by implantation with F ⁺ ions and iodination

Jankovskij

Švorčı́k

Rybka

et al. 1996

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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SYNOPSISPolyethylene samples implanted with 150 keV F+ ions to the doses 1011-1015 cm-' were doped with iodine by exposing them to iodine vapors a t 90°C for 3 h. The iodine depth profiles, measured by Rutherford back-scattering techniques, evolve dramatically with increasing implanted doses, from "bumpy" profiles at lower fluences to a "depleted" one comprising two concentration maxima with no iodine in between observed at highest dose. The areal density of iodine incorporated into the 500-nm-thick surface layer is proportional to the ion dose for the doses I 1 X 1013 cm-' and it achieves a saturation or declines at higher doses. The results support the concept of enhanced iodine diffusion in the radiationdamaged surface layer and its trapping on the radiation defects within. The sheet resistivity of as-implanted PE is practically constant, independent of the implanted dose. Iodine doping of the ion-implanted PE samples results in immediate, strong decrease of the sheet resistivity by 3-4 orders of magnitude which, however, is not stable. The measured temperature dependence of the sheet resistance indicates p-semiconducting character of ionimplanted and iodinated samples at the temperatures below the PE melting point. The iodine redistribution and/or escape with increasing temperature is observed. 0 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. I NTRO DU CTlO NSteadily increasing interest in the diffusion of various inorganic agents into polymers is due to several unsolved fundamental problems in the field and to the importance of the process for potential applications in membrane production and microelectronics.'*' The diffusion of different agents from gaseous, liquid, or solid phases is a relatively simple technique of modification of surface properties of polymer^.^,^ Iodine as a dopant has been found to increase electrical conductivity of p~lyethylene,~ p01y-2-ethynylpyridine,~ poly~inylfluoride,~ and cellulose acetate-butyrate. ' The penetration of dopants into polymers may be significantly affected by a prior irradiation with energetic heavy ions leading to dramatic changes in polymer surface ~t r u c t u r e .~ Increased permeation of gases through thin polymer foils irradiated by ener-~~~ * To whom correspondence should be addressed.Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 60, 1455-1459 (1996) 0 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.CCC 0021-8995/96/091455-05 getic ions is well documented," and an enhanced diffusion of iodine atoms into radiation-damaged polymers has recently been o b s e r~e d .~,~ Previous experimental data on the diffusion of various agents into polymers modified by ion irradiation are rather scarce and the microscopic mechanism of the penetration and trapping of atoms or molecules on radiation defects remains unclear. Also, little is known about the effect of doping on the modified polymer's physical properties, such as electrical conductivity.Here, the structure and electrical conductivity of polyethylene implanted with different doses of 150 keV F+ ions and subsequently doped with iodine are studied wit...

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Diffusion of iodine into polyethylene implanted with 150 keV As+ ions

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

Co-60 gamma radiation assisted diffusion of iodine in polypropylene

Co-60 gamma radiation assisted diffusion of iodine in polypropylene

6 MeV electron beam induced diffusion of iodine in isotactic polypropylene

Modification of polyethylene properties by implantation with F ⁺ ions and iodination

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Diffusion of iodine into polyethylene implanted with 150 keV As+ ions

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

Co-60 gamma radiation assisted diffusion of iodine in polypropylene

Co-60 gamma radiation assisted diffusion of iodine in polypropylene

6 MeV electron beam induced diffusion of iodine in isotactic polypropylene

Modification of polyethylene properties by implantation with F + ions and iodination

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Modification of polyethylene properties by implantation with F ⁺ ions and iodination