Diffusion of alcohols and amides in water from 4 to 37.deg.

Gary-Bobo, C.M.; Weber, Heather W.

doi:10.1021/j100724a072

Cited by 63 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This process is peculiar to water. A similar explanation has been given by Gary-Bobo and Weber (14) to account for their observation that amides, as a class, diffuse faster than alcohols in bulk water. Horowitz and Fenichel also point out that "the use of the molar volume will bring the series together, so that differences between compounds of the same molar volume can be seen in most cases only by careful examination of the data.…”

Section: Parameters Governing Red Cell Membrane Permeabilitysupporting

confidence: 67%

Permeability of Red Cell Membranes to Small Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Solutes

Sha'afi

Gary-Bobo

Solomon

1971

The Journal of General Physiology

132

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The permeability coefficients of a series of amides, ureas, and diols have been measured on red cells of man and dog using the minimum volume method of Sha'afi et al. When the molecules are grouped according to their ether-water partition coefficients, kther, the behavior of the hydrophilic molecules, with kether less than water, is different from that of the lipophilic molecules, characterized by kther greater than water. The rate of permeation of the hydrophilic molecules through an aqueous pathway is determined by the molar volume, a parameter in which the geometrical measure of molecular volume is modified by hydrogen-bonding ability. This indicates the importance of chemical interactions within the aqueous path. The permeation of the lipophilic molecules is determined in the first instance by kether, taken as a measure of the ease with which the molecule can escape from its aqueous environment. Within the membrane, lipophilic permeability is modified both by steric factors and by the formation of hydrogen bonds with membrane components. These data allow one to infer that lipid-soluble molecules travel through an organized structure within the lipid membrane and come into contact with polar moieties.Numerous classical studies have been carried out on the permeability of red cells to homologous series of nonelectrolytes, particularly by Jacobs and H6-ber and Orskov (see Danielli [1]). These investigators computed permeability coefficients indirectly from the time required for red cells to hemolyze when placed in a solution containing the permeant nonelectrolyte. The red cells swell because the entrance of a permeant solute moving down its concentration gradient causes an imbalance of water activity. Water then moves down its own activity gradient and the process is terminated when

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Section: Parameters Governing Red Cell Membrane Permeabilitysupporting

confidence: 67%

Permeability of Red Cell Membranes to Small Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Solutes

Sha'afi

Gary-Bobo

Solomon

1971

The Journal of General Physiology

132

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“…The viscosity of the aqueous MEG solution is given by a linear relationship between the viscosity of pure water and the viscosity of the pure MEG, μ = 0.036 gr cm −1 s −1 (MacMinn et al, 2012). The effective diffusion coefficient of MEG in the bead packs was calculated as D = D m ϕ 1.5 = 3.2 × 10 −10 m 2 s −1 (Grathwohl, 1998), where D m is the molecular diffusion coefficient of MEG in water, calculated as a weighted average of the molecular diffusion coefficients of Methanol (1.7 × 10 −9 m 2 s −1 ; Gary‐Bobo & Weber, 1969) and Ethylene‐Glycol (1.17 × 10 −9 m 2 s −1 ; Tsierkezos & Molinou, 1999). The density of the dyed aqueous MEG solutions was measured by using a digital density meter (DMA‐35, Anton Paar, Austria) at a temperature of 21.8°C ± 0.2°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Water Flow and Dispersive Fluxes in the Dissolution of CO₂ in Deep Saline Aquifers

Michel-Meyer

Shavit

Tsinober

et al. 2020

Water Resources Research

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One of the important mechanisms in CO 2 storage is dissolution trapping. The dissolution of CO 2 in aquifer brines increases the brine density and leads to hydrodynamic instabilities, formation of CO 2-rich fingers, and a desirable acceleration of the CO 2 dissolution. In recent decades, there has been an intensive effort to identify suitable deep aquifers for CO 2 sequestration. Despite reports that background horizontal flow exists in many of these aquifers, few numerical studies have addressed whether background flow affects the dissolution process. These studies had no available measurements to support their results. Here, we report on laboratory experiments, using a dyed mixture of methanol and ethylene-glycol (MEG) as a CO 2 analog. The effect of an imposed horizontal water flow was investigated by injecting MEG from above into a cell filled with glass beads. An imaging system was used to provide concentration maps, which were analyzed to calculate dissolution rates and to evaluate the characteristics of the convective fingers. The results show that background flow leads to suppression of the fingers' formation, a fivefold decrease of the fingers' wave number, and a twofold decrease in their propagation rate. Therefore, it was expected that the dissolution rate would also be suppressed, consistent with previous numerical results. However, our results show that the dissolution rate was hardly affected by the background flow. We postulate that the horizontal flow results in a trade-off between the suppression of the convective flux and the enhancement of dispersive fluxes, resulting in negligible net influence on the dissolution rate.

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“…10. The regression coefficient for HI was negative, suggesting that the hydrogen bond between the drug and 1-octanol suppresses diffusion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…6) Many different methods for the measurement of the diffusion coefficient (D) have been used to understand diffusion phenomena in various media. [8][9][10][11][12][13] The chromatographic broadening method (CBM) is one such which has been used for the determination of D in water and organic solvents. [14][15][16][17] In our pervious study, the D values of parabens were measured by CBM using an HPLC apparatus, and their dependence on concentration and temperature was examined.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Diffusion Coefficients of Parabens and Steroids in Water and 1-Octanol

Seki

Mochida

Okamoto

et al. 2003

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

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Diffusion coefficients (D) of parabens and steroids in water and 1-octanol were determined by using the chromatographic broadening method at 37 degrees C, and the relationships between the D values and the physicochemical properties of the drugs were discussed. The D values in 1-octanol were lower than those in water because of the higher viscosity of 1-octanol. The D values depend on not only the molecular weight (MW), but also the lipophilicity of the drugs in water and on the ability for hydrogen-bonding in 1-octanol. When the lipophilic index (LI), calculated from the retention time using in a reverse-phase column, was used as a parameter of drug lipophilicity, the following equation was obtained for D in water (D(w)); log D(w)=-0.215.log MW-0.077.log LI-4.367. When the hydrogen bond index (HI), the logarithm of the ratio of the partition coefficient of the drugs in 1-octanol and cyclohexane, was used as an index of hydrogen-bonding, the following equation was obtained for D in 1-octanol (D(o)); log D(o)=-0.690.log MW-0.074.log HI-4.085.

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Diffusion of alcohols and amides in water from 4 to 37.deg.

Cited by 63 publications

References 3 publications

Permeability of Red Cell Membranes to Small Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Solutes

Permeability of Red Cell Membranes to Small Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Solutes

The Role of Water Flow and Dispersive Fluxes in the Dissolution of CO₂ in Deep Saline Aquifers

Measurement of Diffusion Coefficients of Parabens and Steroids in Water and 1-Octanol

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Diffusion of alcohols and amides in water from 4 to 37.deg.

Cited by 63 publications

References 3 publications

Permeability of Red Cell Membranes to Small Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Solutes

Permeability of Red Cell Membranes to Small Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Solutes

The Role of Water Flow and Dispersive Fluxes in the Dissolution of CO2 in Deep Saline Aquifers

Measurement of Diffusion Coefficients of Parabens and Steroids in Water and 1-Octanol

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The Role of Water Flow and Dispersive Fluxes in the Dissolution of CO₂ in Deep Saline Aquifers