Diffusion Denuder Method for Sampling Vapor-Phase Nicotine in Mainstream Tobacco Smoke

Abstract

The partition of nicotine between the vapor and the particulate phases of mainstream tobacco smoke leaving the butt of a cigarette has been determined. Greater than 99% of the nicotine was found to be initially associated with the particles using a technique that draws mainstream tobacco smoke through cylindrical denuders coated with oxalic acid. The rate at which nicotine diffuses from undiluted mainstream tobacco smoke was found to be 38 ± 13 times less than the diffusion rate of nicotine vapor.Tobacco smoke is a heterogeneous condensation aerosol

The Ability of the FTC Method to Quantify Nicotine as a Function of Ammonia in Mainstream Smoke

“…It is not possible at this time to distinguish between the two cited possible mechanisms based on the available data. Denuder tube experiments with fresh MS smoke (in the absence of a Cambridge filter pad) have demonstrated that nicotine is primarily in the particulate phase of MS smoke, that is, <1% of nicotine is in the gas phase of MS smoke (21,33,(52)(53)(54)(55). In addition, the Cambridge filter pad is 99.9% efficient for MS smoke particles that are larger than 0.1 :m in diameter (2).…”

Influence of volatilization from mainstream tobacco smoke particles on the gas-particle distribution in annular denuders

“…The PTFE filter (Tokyo Roshi, Tokyo, Japan, T020A047A) was set in the experimental line after the furnace to eliminate the particles generated in gasification. The amounts of nicotine and menthol were expected to slightly exceed the gas amount in the smoke of our samples according to previous research related to nicotine (Lewis et al 1994). Both gasification and collection were carried out for 10 min through the denuders and impinger at 1.05 and 1.65 L/min.…”

“…where D is the diffusion coefficient (cm 2 /s), F is the flow volume (cm 3 /s), L (cm) is the denuder length, C 0 is the concentration at the denuder inlet, and C is the concentration at the denuder outlet, d 1 is the outer diameter of the annulus, and d 2 is the inner diameter of the annulus. The diffusion coefficient of nicotine was referred to as 0.065 cm 2 /s (Lewis et al 1994). As the diffusion coefficient of menthol has not been previously reported, 0.066 cm 2 /s (calculated by Graham's law on the basis of nicotine) was used in the calculation.…”

“…The denuder method was utilized to measure the gas-particle distribution of tobacco smoke, while previous research used the glass of single tube denuders. Lewis et al (1994) used glass tube denuders coated with oxalic acid. The volatilization rate from the tobacco smoke particles with respect to tube length was obtained in the method, and the initial gas amount at the inlet of the denuders was calculated based on the volatilization rate.…”

An improved headspace solid-phase microextraction method for the analysis of free-base nicotine in particulate phase of mainstream cigarette smoke

“…Several methods have been developed by scientists within and outside the tobacco industry for measuring or estimating free-base nicotine delivery in cigarette smoke. These include the measurement of cigarette "smoke pH" as a means to estimate the fraction of free-base nicotine in cigarette smoke [6,7], the use of organic solvents, such as chloroform, to separate extractable (free-base) nicotine from PP smoke [8], the use of bubbler adsorption to trap the volatile (free-base) nicotine from cigarette smoke [9], and the use of denuder tubes to separate vapor phase (free-base) nicotine from PP nicotine [10,11]. Although each of these methods appears to have allowed some degree of relative comparison of free-base nicotine deliveries among brands, the major limitation is that none of these methods is able to provide absolute measurements of free-base nicotine delivery [1,2].…”