Diffusion chronometry and the timescales of magmatic processes

Costa, Fidel; Shea, Thomas; Ubide, Teresa

doi:10.1038/s43017-020-0038-x

Cited by 134 publications

(110 citation statements)

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“…As Fe-Mg interdiffusion in olivine is geologically fast (Chakraborty, 2010;Costa et al, 2020), preservation of forsterite zoning in the Floreana olivine crystals suggests that multiple magma batches interacted on relatively short pre-eruptive timescales. In Group 5 olivines, for example, four compositional zones are preserved over ~100-200 μm ( Fig.…”

Section: Mush Disaggregation Prior To Eruptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper Mantle Mush Zones beneath Low Melt Flux Ocean Island Volcanoes: Insights from Isla Floreana, Galápagos

Gleeson

Gibson

Stock

2020

Journal of Petrology

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The physicochemical characteristics of sub-volcanic magma storage regions have important implications for magma system dynamics and pre-eruptive behaviour. The architecture of magma storage regions located directly above high buoyancy flux mantle plumes (such as Kīlauea, Hawai’i and Fernandina, Galápagos) are relatively well understood. However, far fewer constraints exist on the nature of magma storage beneath ocean island volcanoes that are distal to the main zone of mantle upwelling or above low buoyancy flux plumes, despite these systems representing a substantial proportion of ocean island volcanism globally. To address this, we present a detailed petrological study of Isla Floreana in the Galápagos Archipelago, which lies at the periphery of the upwelling mantle plume and is thus characterised by an extremely low flux of magma into the lithosphere. Detailed in situ major and trace element analyses of crystal phases within exhumed cumulate xenoliths, lavas and scoria deposits, indicate that the erupted crystal cargo is dominated by disaggregated crystal-rich material (i.e., mush or wall rock). Trace element disequilibria between cumulus phases and erupted melts, as well as trace element zoning within the xenolithic clinopyroxenes, reveals that reactive porous flow (previously identified beneath mid-ocean ridges) is an important process of melt transport within crystal-rich magma storage regions. In addition, application of three petrological barometers reveal that the Floreana mush zones are located in the upper mantle, at a depth of 23.7 ± 5.1 km. Our barometric results are compared to recent studies of high melt flux volcanoes in the western Galápagos, and other ocean island volcanoes worldwide, and demonstrate that the flux of magma from the underlying mantle source represents a first-order control on the depth and physical characteristics of magma storage.

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Section: Mush Disaggregation Prior To Eruptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper Mantle Mush Zones beneath Low Melt Flux Ocean Island Volcanoes: Insights from Isla Floreana, Galápagos

Gleeson

Gibson

Stock

2020

Journal of Petrology

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“…Prior to each session, the instrument was tuned in linear scan mode on NIST-SRM 612 silicate glass. Oxide generation was mitigated to be <0.07% for 232 ThO + / 232 Th + (with O referring to 16 O). SRM 612 was also measured during the analytical session twice every 16 zircon analysis to correct for drift of the instrument.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, geophysical estimates represent average melt fractions because of the limited spatial resolutions of such techniques 13,14 . In contrast, geological and geochemical data provide information on the structure, dynamics, and timescales operating within volcanic plumbing systems 1,5,8,[14][15][16] . Zircon crystals have proven particularly useful to trace the temporal evolution and physico-chemical state of crustal magma bodies 17 , as crystallization age spectra and trace element geochemistry of igneous zircon can be used to constrain the thermal histories of magmatic systems [18][19][20][21][22][23] .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Determining the current size and state of subvolcanic magma reservoirs

et al. 2020

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Determining the state of magma reservoirs is essential to mitigate volcanic hazards. However, geophysical methods lack the spatial resolution to quantify the volume of eruptible magma present in the system, and the study of the eruptive history of a volcano does not constrain the current state of the magma reservoir. Here, we apply a novel approach to Nevado de Toluca volcano (Mexico) to tightly constrain the rate of magma input and accumulation in the subvolcanic reservoir. We show that only a few percent of the supplied magma erupted and a melt volume of up to 350 km3 is currently stored under the volcano. If magma input resumes, the volcano can reawake from multi-millennial dormancy within a few years and produce a large eruption, due to the thermal maturity of the system. Our approach is widely applicable and provides essential quantitative information to better assess the state and hazard potential of volcanoes.

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“…In addition to the information provided by seismic and geophysical monitoring (e.g., Endo et al 1981;Gudmundsson et al 2014;Sigmundsson et al 2014), igneous rocks record the various stages of their evolution, offering the potential for time constraints (e.g., Spiegelman & Elliott 1993;Rutherford 2008;Druitt et al 2012). The main chronometric tools available are diffusion chronometry (e.g., Demouchy et al, 2006;Boudon et al 2015;Shea et al 2015;Ferguson et al, 2016;Costa et al, 2020), U-Th disequilibrium series (Girard et al 2017), and mineral destabilization chronometry (Rutherford & Hill 1993;Faure et al, 2001;Browne & Gardner, 2006).…”

Section: • Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%