Diffusion-based silicon nuclear radiation detectors with on-chip readout circuitry

Microfabrication technologies for integrated nucleic acid analysis.

“…Sample and reagent are injected into the device through entry ports or reservoirs (A), and individual liquid drops are pumped through channels (B) to a thermally controlled reactor, where mixing and restriction enzyme digestion or DNA amplification occurs (C). To date, a significant effort has focused on methods for movement of individual drops within (1994,1995); Webster et al (1996, 1995; Effenhauser et al (1993);Fan and Harrison (1994);Jacobsen et al (1994a, b); Jacobson and Ramsey (1995); Ocvirk et al (1995); von Heeren et al (1996( ) Fodor et al (1993; Schena et al (1995); Hacia et al (1996) Lintel (1988; Esashi et al (1989); Matsumoto and Colgate (1990;Nakagawa et al (1990);Pfahler et al (1990); Smits (1990);Wilding et al (1994); Olsson et al (1995) Burns et al (1996) Northrup et al (1994; Wilding et al (1994b);Cheng et al (1996) Belau et al (1983; Wouters and van Sprakelaar (1993);Webster et al (1996, 1995; Northrup et al (1994); lacobson and Ramsey (1996) the silicon channel format. The drop moVement is controlled by simple heating, as differential heating of the two ends of a drop in a capillary tube…”

“…In the ideal case, data detection, analysis, and decision making will reside within the integrated system. To achieve this, the biochemical steps may be controlled by electronic circuitry fabricated in the silicon substrate (Wouters and van Sprakelaar 1993). The integration of information processing and sample handling on a single platform has the potential to significantly reduce human interaction.…”