Diffusion-Based Reference Broadcast Synchronization for Molecular Communication in Nanonetworks

Lin, Lin; Li, Weiqiu; Zheng, Rong; Liu, Fuqiang

doi:10.1109/access.2019.2929873

Cited by 21 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Furthermore, the system is considered to be synchronized. Synchronization can be achieved either by executing time synchronization mechanisms [56], [57] during the network pre-initialization phase and periodically as clocks tend to drift apart with time or time-slot synchronization [41], with minor modifications. Any of these mechanisms can be applied on the basis of design requirements, such as energy efficiency and processing complexity.…”

Section: System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A TDMA-Based Data Gathering Protocol for Molecular Communication via Diffusion-Based Nano-Sensor Networks

Shitiri

Cho

2021

IEEE Sensors J.

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This paper explores the application of molecular communication via diffusion-based nano-sensor networks (MCSNs) for data gathering applications in inbody medical systems. For MCSNs, the large and varying propagation delay in the channel presents a fundamental challenge for channel access, leading to packet collisions. Although packet collisions are well-studied for traditional wireless sensor networks, to date, there are no such studies conducted for MCSNs. Another fundamental challenge is the limited capabilities of the nano-sensors, rendering the existing solutions inefficient. Therefore, a novel light-weight time-division multiple access (TDMA)-based data gathering multiple access control (MAC) protocol is proposed. Light-weight here implies that long information, such as timestamps, is not exchanged. TDMA-based here implies that each nano-sensor is designated an exclusive time-slot. The lack of a channel model for spherical transmitters impairs theoretical analysis of the probability of packet collisions. To overcome this, the propagation delay is approximated as a Normal distribution. The model is validated using the widely popular particle-based simulation, which is also used to determine the packet duration considering ON-OFF shift keying. Building upon these analyses, a system-level simulator is developed to evaluate the proposed MAC protocol. For the first time, the packet collision probability is demonstrated under varied distances and diffusion coefficients. A key finding is the correlation between the channel utilization and the time-slot occupancy ratio, which can be used as a tool to optimize the performance of an MCSN. Finally, comparisons with conventional TDMA reveals that the proposed protocol can offer better performance.

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Section: System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A TDMA-Based Data Gathering Protocol for Molecular Communication via Diffusion-Based Nano-Sensor Networks

Shitiri

Cho

2021

IEEE Sensors J.

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“…The DN, on the other hand, is required to be capable of receiving, at least, two types of molecules. Secondly, isomers are safe for the human body [39].We assume that nanomachines can synthesize any type of molecules to send a signal [40]. For simplicity, we ignore the collisions between the molecules and assume that the motion of each molecule is independent from others [25], which diffuses with a constant diffusion coefficient, D.…”

Section: System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simultaneous Drug Release Scheme for Targeted Drug Delivery Using Molecular Communications

2020

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In this paper, we consider drug release-time issue in molecular communication-based targeted drug delivery (MC-based TDD) systems. Typically, a trigger source sends out a signal to multiple nanomachines to indicate them when to release the drugs in a simultaneous manner. However, under a practical setting where the nanomachines are located at unequal distances from the source and the propagation delay of an MC channel is proportional to the third power of distance, the trigger signal may arrive at different times causing the nanomachines to release the drugs in a nonsimultaneous manner. This causes release-time errors. Therefore, we propose a simultaneous drug-release scheme to determine the precise time to emit the trigger signal, taking into account the propagation delay information to minimize the release-time errors. Using both analytical and simulation approach, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in reducing the release-time errors, highlighting its robustness to large propagation delays. Additionally, we show that the analytical model is in good agreement with the simulation. INDEX TERMS Molecular communication, nanomedicine, nanonetworks, release-time, targeted drug delivery. TANIA ISLAM received the B.Sc. Engg. degree in CSE from Patuakhali Science and Technology University (PSTU), in 2012, the M.Sc. degree in CS from Jahangirnagar University (JU), in 2014, and the M.Sc. Engg. degree in CSE from Khulna University (KU), Bangladesh, in 2018. She is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree in information and communication engineering with Kyungpook

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“…They have a very low speed and move based on Fick's law [30]. The transmitter and the receiver are assumed to be synchronized [31], [32].…”

Section: System Model a The Physical Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameter Estimation of Diffusive Molecular Communication With Drift

Chen

Lin

2020

IEEE Access

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Molecular communication is a novel communication paradigm, which has prospective potential applications in many fields. Obtaining knowledge of the diffusive molecular channel is important for the design of the molecular communication systems as well as proper working of many application systems. In this paper, we focus on a kind of molecular communication system with flow drift, which is modeled as an inverse Gaussian distributed channel. The maximum likelihood estimation method is applied to obtain the estimator of parameters such as medium velocity, propagation distance, and diffusion coefficient. This paper also derives the closed-form expressions of the Cramer-Rao lower bounds. The performances of our channel parameter estimators are validated in MATLAB and the results confirm its effectiveness. INDEX TERMS Molecular communication, drift, channel parameter estimation, maximum likelihood estimation, Cramer Rao lower bound.

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Diffusion-Based Reference Broadcast Synchronization for Molecular Communication in Nanonetworks

Cited by 21 publications

References 35 publications

A TDMA-Based Data Gathering Protocol for Molecular Communication via Diffusion-Based Nano-Sensor Networks

A TDMA-Based Data Gathering Protocol for Molecular Communication via Diffusion-Based Nano-Sensor Networks

A Simultaneous Drug Release Scheme for Targeted Drug Delivery Using Molecular Communications

Parameter Estimation of Diffusive Molecular Communication With Drift

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