Diffusion barriers for CIGS solar cells on metallic substrates

Enhanced efficiency of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cells via anti-reflectance properties and surface passivation by atomic layer deposited aluminum oxide

“…16,17 70 mmol) and thiourea (1.97 g, 26 mmol) into N,Ndimethylformamide (10 mL, DMF) and then magnetically stirring for 2 h at room temperature. A CZTS thin lm with a thickness of $1.1 mm was fabricated by spin-coating the CZTS precursor solution on molybdenum (Mo)-coated soda lime glass (SLG) substrates at a rotation rate of 3000 rpm for 30 s followed by drying in air at 300 C for 3 min.…”

Effect of Metal Barrier Layer for Flexible Solar Cell Devices on Stainless Steel Substrates

“…However, impurities from the substrate are an issue for electronic applications. The device performance can be significantly reduced by the out-diffusion of detrimental element from STS substrate such as iron (Fe) or chromium (Cr) atoms [7]. Therefore, these types of impurities must be decreased for application in electronic devices.…”

Flexible Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cells for space application

“…Functions of barrier layers are: 1) reduction of the diffusion of substrate impurities (in case of SS) into the cell 2) sufficient sodium supply to the CIGS absorber 3) electrical insulation between the metal substrate and the monolithically interconnected solar module [20,41,42]. If monolithic module integration is used, the barrier layer must guarantee, besides of good insulation of the substrate, also good adhesion during all deposition steps to avoid short circuits and shunts between individual cells, especially if hightemperature CIGS deposition is used [20].…”