Diffusion anisotropy in a toroidal (ring) vortex in water

Yusupaliev, U.; Yusupaliev, P. U.; Shuteev, S. A.; Rukhadze, K. Z.

doi:10.3103/s1068335607040057

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…To better understand these observations, it is necessary to consider the state of matter associated with the initial spark plasma. In this dense regime, screening effects and interparticle forces are dominant and can lead to unexpectedly high levels of ionization [1,2,9,19,22]. To determine whether this plasma is strongly ionized, the electron density can be estimated using the requirements for opacity [1,2,23,24].…”

Section: Cooling Phase (T > 25 Ns) -Lasting 100s Of Nanoseconds Thismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observation of Shell Structure, Electronic Screening, and Energetic Limiting in Sparks

et al. 2016

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We study the formation of micron-sized spark discharges in high-pressure xenon on the nanosecond time scale. The spark's energy per length is measured through the expansion dynamics of the generated shock wave, and is observed to scale linearly with the spark radius. At the same time, the surface temperature of the spark channel remains constant. Together, these observations allow us to conclude that the spark channel, up to 40 μm in overall radius, is actually an energetically hollow shell about 20 μm thick. Further, the energy per nucleus in the shell is about 15 eV, independent of size and density. To reconcile these findings with the opacity to visible light, we appeal to collective screening processes that dramatically lower the effective ionization potential, allowing a much higher electron density than is otherwise expected. Thus, nanosecond measurements of sparks provide access to the thermodynamics and kinetics of strongly correlated plasmas.

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Section: Cooling Phase (T > 25 Ns) -Lasting 100s Of Nanoseconds Thismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although this phenomenon has been known for over 60 years, its explanation is still in contention [8,9]. Attempts to find the thermodynamic and kinetic origins of this effect are shrouded by the simultaneous onset of opacity at unexpectedly low temperatures and energy inputs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Observation of Shell Structure, Electronic Screening, and Energetic Limiting in Sparks

et al. 2016

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Shock wave formation from head-on collision of two subsonic vortex rings

Bauer

Thomas

Baker

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Vortex ring collisions have attracted intense interest in both water and air studies (Baird in Proc R Soc Lond Ser Math Phys Sci 409:59–65, 1987, Poudel et al. in Phys Fluids 33:096105, 2021, Lim and Nickels in Nature 357:225, 1992, New et al. in Exp Fluids 57:109, 2016, Suzuki et al. in Geophys Res Lett 34, 2007, Yan et al. in J Fluids Eng 140:054502, 2018, New et al. in J Fluid Mech 899, 2020, Cheng et al. in Phys Fluids 31:067107, 2019, Hernández and Reyes in 29:103604, 2017, Mishra et al. in Phys Rev Fluids, 2021, Zednikova et al. in Chem Eng Technol 42:843–850, 2019, Kwon et al. in Nature 600:64–69, 2021). These toroidal structures spin around a central axis and travel in the original direction of impulse while spinning around the core until inertial forces become predominant causing the vortex flow to spontaneously decay to turbulence (Vortex Rings, https://projects.iq.harvard.edu/smrlab/vortex-rings). Previous studies have shown the collision of subsonic vortex rings resulting in reconnected vortex rings, but the production of a shock wave from the collision has not been demonstrated visibly (Lim and Nickels in Nature 357:225, 1992, Cheng et al. in Phys Fluids 31:067107, 2019). Here we present the formation of a shock wave due to the collision of explosively formed subsonic vortex rings. As the vortex rings travel at Mach 0.66 toward the collision point, they begin to trap high pressure air between them. Upon collision, high pressure air was imploded and released radially away from the axis of the collision, generating a visible shock wave traveling through and away from the colliding vortices at Mach 1.22. Our results demonstrate a pressure gradient with high pressure release creating a shock wave. We anticipate our study to be a starting point for more explosively formed vortex collisions. For example, explosives with different velocities of detonation could be tested to produce vortex rings of varying velocities.

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Diffusion anisotropy in a toroidal (ring) vortex in water

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

Observation of Shell Structure, Electronic Screening, and Energetic Limiting in Sparks

Observation of Shell Structure, Electronic Screening, and Energetic Limiting in Sparks

Shock wave formation from head-on collision of two subsonic vortex rings

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