Diffusion and electromagnetic drift in the equatorial F2-region

Bramley, E.N.; Peart, M.

doi:10.1016/0021-9169(65)90081-4

Cited by 97 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…On some of the quiet days that were not significantly controlled by EEJ-IEEJ strength, the thermospheric meridional neutral winds could either strengthened or inhibit the EEJ-IEEJ strength in regard to moving plasma to higher latitudes and initiating latitudinal asymmetry in the location of EIA crests (Bramley and Peart, 1965;Bramley and Young, 1968;Batista et al, 2011). Although we do not have wind measurements over Africa-Middle East in 2009, the latitudinal variability of TEC we are presently investigating could be used to infer the meridional wind effects during the day.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…To mention a few, older experimental and simulation efforts of Appleton (1946), Bramley and Peart (1965), Moffet and Hanson (1965), Bramley and Young (1968) and Rush et al (1969) described EIA as the redistribution of plasma across the hemispheres. This results in a peak (crest) in each hemisphere of the low latitudes and reduced plasma (trough) in each hemisphere slightly above the dip equator.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observations of equatorial ionization anomaly over Africa and Middle East during a year of deep minimum

et al. 2017

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Abstract. In this work, we investigated the veracity of an ion continuity equation in controlling equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) morphology using total electron content (TEC) of 22 GPS receivers and three ground-based magnetometers (Magnetic Data Acquisition System, MAGDAS) over Africa and the Middle East (Africa-Middle East) during the quietest periods. Apart from further confirmation of the roles of equatorial electrojet (EEJ) and integrated equatorial electrojet (IEEJ) in determining hemispheric extent of EIA crest over higher latitudes, we found some additional roles played by thermospheric meridional neutral wind. Interestingly, the simultaneous observations of EIA crests in both hemispheres of Africa-Middle East showed different morphology compared to that reported over Asia. We also observed interesting latitudinal twin EIA crests domiciled at the low latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. Our results further showed that weak EEJ strength associated with counter electrojet (CEJ) during sunrise hours could also trigger twin EIA crests over higher latitudes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of equatorial ionization anomaly over Africa and Middle East during a year of deep minimum

et al. 2017

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“…These geomagnetic anomalies are caused by the Ex B drift of charged particle across the magnetic field where E is the electric field by the dynamo effect and B is the earths magnetic field. For the case of the geomagnetic anomaly in the electron density distribution, the analyses have been made by many investigators (BRAMLEY and PEART, 1964;HANSON and MOEEETT, 1966;ANDERSON, 1973a, b). As a qualitative interpretation of longitudinal and latitudinal variation of the ion transition height, the effect by the EXB drift is considered to be responsible.…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion Transition Height Distribution Obtained with the Satellite TAIYO

Miyazaki¹

1979

J. geomagn. geoelec

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Longitudinal and Latitudinal characteristics of the OtH+ ion transition height in the topside ionosphere at the low latitudes during the sunspot minimum period were observed by a retarding potential analyzer aboard TAIYO.The results indicate that: 1) A semi-empirical formula of the ion transition height (H in km) is expressed as a function of the solar zenith angle (x in deg. ) and the geomagnetic dip angle (1 in deg.); H=591-87.1sine I,(x90) and H=591-87.1 sine I+(217+473 sine I) coso. 331x, (x90).2) The ion transition heights around the South Atlantic geomagnetic anomaly are rather variable than those at another region in the nighttime. The region with variable ion transition height roughly coincides with that of anomalous intense count observed with a high energy measuring instrument (SXR) aboard TAIYO in the ionosphere.3) Discussions and comparisons with other experiments are given. The remarkable asymmetry of the ion transition heights between the southern and northern hemispheres is explained by the semi-empirical formula to some extent.

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“…As Kendall and Pickering (1967) say,``The electron-ion pairs may be thought of as sliding down the magnetic ®eld lines with a diusive motion, while at the same time the whole ®eld line drifts at right angles to itself.'' When computing power became equal to the task of handling the diusion equation with dipole geometry, it was con®rmed that the Mitra process is inadequate on its own (Rishbeth et al, 1963), and also that Martyn's theory can account for a trough such as observed, with daytime upward drifts of order 10 m s )1 (Bramley and Peart, 1965;Hanson and Moett, 1966;Bramley and Young, 1968). The development of the theory has been well reviewed by Moett (1979).…”

Section: The Equatorial Fountainmentioning

confidence: 99%

The equatorial F-layer: progress and puzzles

Rishbeth

2000

Ann. Geophys.

181

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Abstract. This work reviews some aspects of the ionospheric F-layer in the vicinity of the geomagnetic equator. Starting with a historical introduction, brief summaries are given of the physics that makes the equatorial ionosphere so interesting, concentrating on the large-scale structure rather than the smaller-scale instability phenomena. Several individual topics are then discussed, including eclipse eects, the asymmetries of the`equatorial trough', variations with longitude, the semiannual variation, the eects of the global thermospheric circulation, and ®nally the equatorial neutral thermosphere, including`superrotation' and possible topographic in¯uences.

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Diffusion and electromagnetic drift in the equatorial F2-region

Cited by 97 publications

References 9 publications

Observations of equatorial ionization anomaly over Africa and Middle East during a year of deep minimum

Observations of equatorial ionization anomaly over Africa and Middle East during a year of deep minimum

Ion Transition Height Distribution Obtained with the Satellite TAIYO

The equatorial F-layer: progress and puzzles

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