Diffuse volcanic degassing and thermal energy release from Hengill volcanic system, Iceland

Hernández, Pedro A.; Pérez, Nemesio M.; Fridriksson, Thráinn; Jolie, Egbert; Ilyinskaya, Evgenia; Thárhallsson, Andri; Ívarsson, Gretar; Gíslason, Gestur; Gunnarsson, Ingvi; Jónsson, Birgir; Padrón, Eleazar; Melián, Gladys V.; Mori, Toshiya; Notsu, Kenji

doi:10.1007/s00445-012-0673-2

Cited by 51 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…In many cases of diffuse CO 2 flux measurements, the distributions consist of combinations of a peak population and a background population. The peak and background populations are interpreted, respectively, as having deep magmatic and surface biogenic origins (Chiodini et al 1998;Camarda et al 2007;Chiodini et al 2008;Hernández et al 2012;Granieri et al 2014). The background population (blue symbols in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffuse carbon dioxide emissions from hidden subsurface structures at Asama volcano, Japan

et al. 2016

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We measured diffuse carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) flux and soil temperature around the summit of Asama volcano, Japan to assess the diffuse degassing structure around the summit area. Soil CO 2 flux was measured using an accumulation chamber method, and the spatial distributions of CO 2 flux and soil temperature were derived from the mean of 100 sequential Gaussian simulations. Results show that soil CO 2 flux was high on the eastern flank of Kamayama cone and the eastern rim of Maekake crater, the outer cone. These areas mostly correspond to high-temperature anomalies. The average emission rate of diffuse CO 2 was calculated to be 12.6 t day −1 (12.2-14.6 t day −1 ). Such diffuse emissions account for 12 % of the total (diffuse and plume) CO 2 emissions from the summit area. The diffuse CO 2 anomalies probably reflect permeable zones controlled by local topography and hidden fractures bordering Maekake crater. The permeable zones are connected to the low-electrical-resistivity zone inferred to indicate both a hydrothermal fluid layer and an upper sealed layer made of clay minerals. Magmatic gas from the main conduit ascends to the volcano surface through this fluid layer and the permeable zones. These insights emphasize that the pathways and the connection between the pathways and the source of diffuse CO 2 combine to create the pattern of heterogeneous diffuse CO 2 emission seen at the surface. Only by using a combination of gas measurements and geophysical tools can we begin to understand the dynamics of this system as a whole.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffuse carbon dioxide emissions from hidden subsurface structures at Asama volcano, Japan

et al. 2016

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“…have the lowest amount of dissolved carbon (average 0.0026 mol l −1 ) and the most negative values of δ 13 C tot (from −19h to −14.3h). Such negative δ 13 C ratios are in the range of typical biogenic-produced CO 2 (Hoefs, 2009). We assume that the C tot found in those springs is representative of the organic carbon contribution in the waters of the volcano.…”

Section: Carbon Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mantle CO2 degassing at Mt. Vulture volcano (Italy): Relationship between CO2 outgassing of volcanoes and the time of their last eruption

Caracausi

Paternoster

Nuccio

2015

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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“…at Hengill, Hernández et al, 2012). The fact that the gas emissions were so spatially restricted may suggest a structural control on the degassing pathway.…”

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Degassing regime of Hekla volcano 2012–2013

Ilyinskaya

Aiuppa

Bergsson

et al. 2015

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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Hekla is a frequently active volcano with an infamously short pre-eruptive warning period. Our project contributes to the ongoing work on improving Hekla's monitoring and early warning systems. In 2012 we began monitoring gas release at Hekla. The dataset comprises semi-permanent near-real time measurements with a MultiGAS system, quantification of diffuse gas flux, and direct samples analysed for composition and isotopes (d 13 C, dD and d 18 O). In addition, we used reaction path modelling to derive information on the origin and reaction pathways of the gas emissions.Hekla's quiescent gas composition was CO 2 -dominated (0.8 mol fraction) and the d À1 are sourced from a small area at the volcano's summit. There was no detectable gas flux at other craters, even though some of them had higher ground temperatures and had erupted more recently.Our measurements are consistent with a magma reservoir at depth coupled with a shallow dike beneath the summit. In the current quiescent state, the composition of the exsolved gas is substantially modified along its pathway to the surface through cooling and interaction with wall-rock and groundwater. The modification involves both significant H 2 O condensation and scrubbing of S-bearing species, leading to a CO 2 -dominated gas emitted at the summit. We conclude that a compositional shift towards more S-and H 2 O-rich gas compositions if measured in the future by the permanent MultiGAS station should be viewed as sign of imminent volcanic unrest on Hekla.

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Diffuse volcanic degassing and thermal energy release from Hengill volcanic system, Iceland

Cited by 51 publications

References 44 publications

Diffuse carbon dioxide emissions from hidden subsurface structures at Asama volcano, Japan

Diffuse carbon dioxide emissions from hidden subsurface structures at Asama volcano, Japan

Mantle CO2 degassing at Mt. Vulture volcano (Italy): Relationship between CO2 outgassing of volcanoes and the time of their last eruption

Degassing regime of Hekla volcano 2012–2013

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