Diffuse emission of carbon dioxide, methane, and helium‐3 from Teide Volcano, Tenerife, Canary Islands

Hernández, Pedro A.; Pérez, Nemesio M.; Salazar, J.; Nakai, S.; Notsu, Kenji; Wakita, Hiroshi

doi:10.1029/98gl02561

Cited by 92 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In our case, Turrialba volcano has experienced a reawakening process which has lasted ∼20 years (Martini et al, 2010;de Moor et al, 2016a) and Poás' activity is particularly variable (Fischer et al, 2015;de Moor et al, 2016b) and seems to have stages of enhanced volcanic activity and stages of quiescence that alternate every 6-12 years (Rymer et al, 2000(Rymer et al, , 2005(Rymer et al, , 2009. Diffuse degassing monitoring could thus be an interesting tool for long term monitoring (Allard et al, 1991;Chiodini et al, 1996Chiodini et al, , 1998Chiodini et al, , 2001Giammanco et al, 1998;Hernández et al, 1998Hernández et al, , 2001Melián et al, 2001Melián et al, , 2010Salazar et al, 2001;Shimoike et al, 2002;Hernández Perez et al, 2003;Carapezza and Granieri, 2004;Galindo et al, 2004;Lewicki et al, 2005;Notsu et al, 2006;Werner and Cardellini, 2006;Carapezza et al, 2009;Viveiros et al, 2010;Peltier et al, 2012;Werner et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…CO 2 is emitted both actively through channelizing conduits (Aiuppa et al, 2014;de Moor et al, 2016b) and diffusely through the porous volcanic edifice (Allard et al, 1991;Chiodini et al, 1996Chiodini et al, , 1998Chiodini et al, , 2001Hernández et al, 1998Hernández et al, , 2001Hernández Perez et al, 2003). As a fluid, its transportation occurs in two different ways: (1) Diffusion according to the Maxwell-Stefan diffusion model which is used instead of Fick's law for multicomponent systems (Maxwell, 1965;Bird et al, 2001), and (2) viscous flow which is described by Darcy's law in a porous media (Bird et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Volcanic systems such as, La Fossa Crater volcano (Italy), which has mostly hydrothermal activity, was estimated to release 200 t/d of CO 2 with major gas flux centered on the crater's inner slope and the faults and cracks of its outer flanks (Chiodini et al, 1996). Other investigations at Teide volcano (Tenerife), which is in a quiescent stage, have shown a diffuse CO 2 output of 308 t/d, mostly of magmatic origin (Hernández et al, 1998). Salazar et al (2001) measured a total output of 2,800 t/d at Cerro Negro (Nicaragua) which was in an active stage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship between Diffuse CO2 Degassing and Volcanic Activity. Case Study of the Poás, Irazú, and Turrialba Volcanoes, Costa Rica

et al. 2017

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Active volcanoes exhibit diffuse gas emanations through the ground, the most abundant species of which is CO 2 . However, the relationship between diffuse degassing and volcanic activity is not often clear and some volcanoes may have low diffuse degassing levels despite having strong volcanic activity. The main goals of this study are to quantify diffuse CO 2 degassing and determine whether patterns exist in relation to volcanic activity through the study of Turrialba, Poás, and Irazú, three active volcanoes in Costa Rica which are at different stages of activity. Structural controls of spatial distribution of diffuse degassing were also investigated. Measurement campaigns were conducted using the accumulation chamber method coupled with 10 cm depth ground temperature sampling with the aim of estimating the total diffuse CO 2 degassing budget. The total amount of CO 2 emitted diffusely by each volcano is ∼113 ± 46 t/d over ∼0.705 km 2 for Turrialba, 0.9 ± 0.5 t/d for Poás over ∼0.734 km 2 , 3.8 ± 0.9 t/d over ∼0.049 km 2 for Irazú's main crater, and 15 ± 12 t/d over 0.0059 km 2 for Irazú's north flank. Turrialba and Poás volcano diffuse degassing budget represent about 10% of the whole gas output. Both volcanoes were in a transitional stage and the opening of new conduits may cause a loss in diffuse degassing and an increase of active degassing. Numerous diffuse degassing structures were also identified. At Turrialba, one of which was closely associated with the collapse of a crater wall in 2014 during the initiation of a new period of heightened eruptive activity. Similar structures were also observed on the outer slopes of the west crater, suggesting strong alteration and perhaps destabilization of the upper outer cone. Irazú's north flank is highly permeable and has experienced intense hydrothermal alteration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship between Diffuse CO2 Degassing and Volcanic Activity. Case Study of the Poás, Irazú, and Turrialba Volcanoes, Costa Rica

et al. 2017

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“…Because volcanic CO2 emissions are a vital part of the global carbon cycle (Mason et al, 2017;Schwandner et al, 2017) and have been monitored worldwide for decades (Boudoire et al 2017;Camarda et al, 2012;Perez et al, 2011;Gerlach, 1991), the rate and spatial 5 distribution of these fluxes are well-understood due to an abundance of field surveys in many volcanic systems (e.g. Hernández et al, 1998;Cardellini et al, 2003;Werner and Brantley, 2003;Giammanco et al, 2007;Lewicki et al, 2014a). Although the spatial distributions of CO2 emissions within tree kill areas have been well mapped (Pickles et al, 2001;Werner and Brantley, 2003;List et al, 2005, and others), linking CO2 measurements to vegetation 10 responses along a spatially diffuse CO2 degassing continuum is a natural yet underutilized opportunity for studying the effects of elevated CO2 on plants (Schwandner et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecosystem responses to elevated CO<sub>2</sub> using airborne remote sensing at Mammoth Mountain, California

Cawse‐Nicholson¹,

Fisher²,

Famiglietti³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. We present an exploratory study examining the use of airborne remote sensing 15 observations to detect ecological responses to elevated CO2 emissions from active volcanic systems. To evaluate these ecosystem responses, existing spectroscopic, thermal, and lidar data acquired over forest ecosystems on Mammoth Mountain volcano, California, were exploited, along with in situ measurements of volcanic soil CO2 fluxes. The elevated CO2 response was used to statistically model ecosystem structure, composition and function, 20 evaluated via data products including biomass, plant foliar traits and vegetation indices, and evapotranspiration (ET). Using regression ensemble models, we found that soil CO2 flux was a significant predictor for ecological variables, including Normalized Vegetation Difference Index (NDVI), canopy nitrogen, ET, and biomass. Additionally, the relationships between ecological variables changed with increasingly elevated (volcanically influenced) over non-25 volcanic "background" soil CO2 fluxes, suggesting a shift in coupling/decoupling among ecosystem structure, composition, and function synergies. For example, ET and biomass were significantly correlated for areas without elevated CO2 flux, but decoupled with elevated CO2 flux. This study demonstrates that a) volcanic systems show great potential as a means to study the properties of ecosystems and their responses to elevated CO2 emissions 30 and b) these ecosystem responses are measureable using a suite of airborne remotely sensed data.Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi

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“…The measurement of surface emissions of CO 2 has become an integral part of many volcanic and geothermal monitoring programs, as temporal variations in emissions may indicate changes at depth associated with volcanic activity or geothermal processes (e.g., Baubron et al, 1991;Farrar et al, 1995;Chiodini et al, 1998;Hernandez et al, 1998;Klusman et al, 2000;McGee et al, 2000;Bergfeld et al, 2001;Hernandez et al, 2001;Werner and Cardellini, 2006). Furthermore, it is important to understand the link between temporal variations in deeply derived CO 2 emissions, and meteorologic and hydrologic processes, as these near-surface processes can drive large changes in CO 2 emissions (e.g., Connor et al, 1993;McGee and Gerlach, 1998;Rogie et al, 2001;Granieri et al, 2003;Lewicki et al, 2007) that may pose health and environmental hazards or be misinterpreted to reflect changes at depth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Six-week time series of eddy covariance CO2 flux at Mammoth Mountain, California: Performance evaluation and role of meteorological forcing

Lewicki

Fischer

Hilley

2008

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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CO 2 and heat fluxes were measured over a six-week period (09/08/2006 to 10/24/2006) by the eddy covariance (EC) technique at the Horseshoe Lake tree kill (HLTK), Mammoth Mountain, CA, a site with complex terrain and high, spatially heterogeneous CO 2 emission rates. EC CO 2 fluxes ranged from 218 to 3500 g m. Using footprint modeling, EC CO 2 fluxes were compared to CO 2 fluxes measured by the chamber method on a grid repeatedly over a 10-day period. Half-hour EC CO 2 fluxes were moderately correlated (R 2 = 0.42) with chamber fluxes, whereas average daily EC CO 2 fluxes were well correlated (R 2 = 0.70) with chamber measurements. Average daily EC CO 2 fluxes were correlated with both average daily wind speed and atmospheric pressure; relationships were similar to those observed between chamber CO 2 fluxes and the atmospheric parameters over a comparable time period. Energy balance closure was assessed by statistical regression of EC energy fluxes (sensible and latent heat) against available energy (net radiation, less soil heat flux). While incomplete (R 2 = 0.77 for 1:1 line), the degree of energy balance closure fell within the range observed in many investigations conducted in contrasting ecosystems and climates. Results indicate that despite complexities presented by the HLTK, EC can be reliably used to monitor background variations in volcanic CO 2 fluxes associated with meteorological forcing, and presumably changes related to deeply derived processes such as volcanic activity.

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Diffuse emission of carbon dioxide, methane, and helium‐3 from Teide Volcano, Tenerife, Canary Islands

Cited by 92 publications

References 24 publications

Relationship between Diffuse CO2 Degassing and Volcanic Activity. Case Study of the Poás, Irazú, and Turrialba Volcanoes, Costa Rica

Relationship between Diffuse CO2 Degassing and Volcanic Activity. Case Study of the Poás, Irazú, and Turrialba Volcanoes, Costa Rica

Ecosystem responses to elevated CO<sub>2</sub> using airborne remote sensing at Mammoth Mountain, California

Six-week time series of eddy covariance CO2 flux at Mammoth Mountain, California: Performance evaluation and role of meteorological forcing

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Diffuse emission of carbon dioxide, methane, and helium‐3 from Teide Volcano, Tenerife, Canary Islands

Cited by 92 publications

References 24 publications

Relationship between Diffuse CO2 Degassing and Volcanic Activity. Case Study of the Poás, Irazú, and Turrialba Volcanoes, Costa Rica

Relationship between Diffuse CO2 Degassing and Volcanic Activity. Case Study of the Poás, Irazú, and Turrialba Volcanoes, Costa Rica

Ecosystem responses to elevated CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; using airborne remote sensing at Mammoth Mountain, California

Six-week time series of eddy covariance CO2 flux at Mammoth Mountain, California: Performance evaluation and role of meteorological forcing

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Ecosystem responses to elevated CO<sub>2</sub> using airborne remote sensing at Mammoth Mountain, California